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Bancroft: KINES > Test #2: Muscle Actions of the Upper Extremity & Axial Skeleton > Flashcards

Test #2: Muscle Actions of the Upper Extremity & Axial Skeleton Flashcards

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1
Q

How many joints in the upper extremity and axial skeleton?

A

6 joints

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2
Q

What are the 6 joints of the upper extremity and axial skeleton?

A
  1. Wrist; 2. Elbow; 3. Shoulder; 4. Scapula; 5. Neck; and 6. Waist
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3
Q

How movements possible at the wrist joint?

A

4 movements

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4
Q

What are the 4 movements possible at the wrist joint?

A
  1. Flexion; 2. Extension; 3. Ulnar Deviation; and 4. Radial Deviation
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5
Q

What body part is moved at the wrist joint?

A

The hand

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6
Q

How many muscles create flexion of the hand at the wrist?

A

1 muscle group

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7
Q

What muscle group creates flexion of the hand at the wrist?

A
  1. The Flexor Group
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8
Q

Flexor Group

A

GL: Anterior, Forearm

O: Medial epicondyle of the humerus (Common Flexor Tendon)

I: Distal end of phalanges

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9
Q

How many actions does the flexor group perform?

A

2 actions

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10
Q

What 2 actions does the flexor group perform?

A
  1. Flexion of the hand at the wrist

2. Flexion of the phalanges

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11
Q

How do you palpate the flexor group?

A

Trace from medial epicondyle down the anterior forearm to the distal end of the fingers.

TG pgs 141-142, 149, 152

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12
Q

How many muscles create extension of the hand at the wrist?

A

1 muscle group

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13
Q

What muscle group creates extension of the hand at the wrist?

A
  1. The Extensor Group
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14
Q

Extensor Group

A

GL: Posterior, Forearm

O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus (Common Extensor Tendon)

I: Distal end of phalanges

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15
Q

How many actions does the extensor group perform?

A

2 actions

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16
Q

What 2 actions does the extensor group perform?

A
  1. Extension of the hand at the wrist

2. Extension of the phalanges

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17
Q

How do you palpate the extensor group?

A

Trace from the lateral epicondyle down the posterior forearm to the distal end of the fingers.

TG pgs 135-136, 139, 151

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18
Q

How many muscles create ulnar deviation of the hand at the wrist?

A

2 muscle groups

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19
Q

What 2 muscle groups create ulnar deviation of the hand at the wrist?

A

The ulnar side flexors and extensors

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20
Q

How do you palpate the ulnar side flexors and extensors?

A

Grab and trace along the ulnar side posterior and anterior forearm from the elbow to the distal end of the fingers.

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21
Q

How many muscles create radial deviation of the hand at the wrist?

A

2 muscle groups

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22
Q

What 2 muscle groups create radial deviation of the hand at the wrist?

A

The radius side flexors and extensors

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23
Q

How do you palpate the radius side flexors and extensors?

A

Grab and trace along the radius side posterior and anterior forearm from the elbow to the distal end of the fingers.

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24
Q

How many movements possible at the elbow joint?

A

4 movements

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25
What are the 4 movements possible at the elbow joint?
1. Flexion; 2. Extension; 3. Pronation; and 4. Supination
26
What body part is moved at the elbow joint?
The forearm
27
How many muscles create flexion of the forearm at the elbow?
4 muscles
28
What 4 muscles create flexion of the forearm at the elbow?
1. Biceps Brachii; 2. Brachioradialis; 3. Brachialis; and 4. Pronator Teres
29
Biceps Brachii*
GL: Anterior, Arm, Superficial O: 1) Short Head: Coracoid process of the Scapula; 2) Long Head: Supraglenoid tubercle of the Scapula I: Radial tuberosity and Aponeurosis of the Biceps Brachii to proximal Ulna
30
How many actions does Biceps Brachii perform?
3 actions
31
What 3 actions does Biceps Brachii perform?
1-2. Flexion and supination of the forearm at the elbow | 3. Flexion of the arm at the shoulder (short head)
32
How do you palpate Biceps Brachii?
Trace from the coracoid process and acromion down the anterior arm to just distal of the elbow crease on the radius side. TG pg 95
33
Brachioradialis*
GL: Anterior/Lateral, Forearm, Superficial O: Lateral supracondylar ridge of the Humerus I: Styloid process of the Radius
34
How many actions does Brachioradialis perform?
1 action
35
What action does does Brachioradialis perform?
1. Flexion of the forearm at the elbow
36
How do you palpate Brachioradialis?
Trace just distal of the deltoid tuberosity, down over the lateral elbow to the radial wrist bone. TG pg 133
37
Brachialis*
GL: Anterior, Arm, Deep O: Distal 1/2 of the anterior surface of the Humerus I: Coronoid process and tuberosity of the Ulna
38
How many actions does Brachialis perform?
1 action
39
What action does does Brachialis perform?
1. Flexion of the forearm at the elbow
40
How do you palpate Brachialis?
Cover the anterior distal 1/2 of the humerus with a hand; fingers pointing on ulnar side. TG pg 132
41
Pronator Teres*
GL: Anterior, Forearm, Superficial O: Medial epicondyle of the Humerus (common flexor tendon) I: Middle of the Radius
42
How many actions does Pronator Teres perform?
2 actions
43
What 2 actions does Pronator Teres perform?
1-2. Pronation and flexion of the forearm at the elbow.
44
How do you palpate Pronator Teres?
In the handshake position, use left hand with fingers at medial epicondyle on an angle so that palm lands on the middle of the radius. TG pg 146
45
How many muscles create extension of the forearm at the elbow?
1 muscle
46
What muscle creates extension of the forearm at the elbow?
1. Triceps Brachii
47
Triceps Brachii*
GL: Posterior, Arm, Superficial O: 1) Long head: Infraglenoid tubercle of the Scapula; 2) Lateral head: Posterior, proximal half of the Humerus; 3) Medial head: Posterior, distal half of the Humerus I: Olecranon process of the Ulna
48
How many actions does Triceps Brachii perform?
2 actions
49
What 2 actions does Triceps Brachii perform?
1. Extension of the forearm at the elbow | 2. Extension of the arm at the shoulder (long head)
50
How do you palpate Triceps Brachii?
Trace from the most superior medial border of the scapula down the posterior arm to the elbow. TG pg 97
51
How many muscles create pronation of the forearm at the elbow?
1 muscle
52
What muscle creates pronation of the forearm at the elbow?
1. Pronator Teres
53
How many muscles create supination of the forearm at the elbow?
2 muscles
54
What 2 muscles create supination of the forearm at the elbow?
1. Supinator; and 2. Biceps Brachii
55
Supinator
GL: POSTERIOR, LATERAL, FOREARM, DEEP O: Lateral epicondyle of the Humerus and posterior border of the Ulna I: Proximal 1/3 of the Radius
56
How many actions does Supinator perform?
1 action
57
What action does Supinator perform?
1. Supination of the forearm at the elbow
58
How do you palpate Supinator?
Trace from the lateral epicondyle and elbow laterally to the anterior proximal radius. TG pg 147
59
How many movements possible at the shoulder joint?
6 movements
60
What are the 6 movements possible at the shoulder joint?
1. Flexion; 2. Extension; 3. ABduction; 4. ADduction; 5. Medial Rotation; and 6. Lateral Rotation
61
What body part is moved at the shoulder joint?
The arm
62
How many muscles create flexion of the arm at the shoulder?
3 muscles
63
What 3 muscles create flexion of the arm at the shoulder?
1. Pectoralis Major; 2. Anterior Deltoid; and 3. Biceps Brachii (short head)
64
Pectoralis Major*
GL: Anterior, Chest, Superficial O: 1) Clavicular head: Medial 1/2 of the clavicle; 2) Sternocostal head: Sternum, superior 6 costal cartilages I: Lateral lip of bicipital (intertubercular) groove of humerus
65
How many actions does Pectoralis Major perform?
3 actions
66
What 3 actions does Pectoralis Major perform?
1. Flexion of the arm at the shoulder (clavicular head) | 2-3. ADduction and medial rotation of the arm at the shoulder (sternal head)
67
How do you palpate Pectoralis Major?
Trace the 2 fiber directions: 1) from medial 1/2 of clavicle and 2) from the sternum; both to the lateral lip of the bicipital groove. TG pg 89
68
Deltoid*
GL: Lateral, Shoulder, Superficial O: 1) Anterior: Lateral 1/3 of the Clavicle; 2) Middle: Acromion; 3) Posterior: Spine of the Scapula I: Deltoid tuberosity of the Humerus
69
How many actions does Deltoid perform?
5 actions
70
What 5 actions does Deltoid perform?
1-2. Flexion and medial rotation of the arm at the shoulder (anterior deltoid) 3. ABduction of the arm at the shoulder (mid deltoid) 4-5. Extension and lateral rotation of the arm at the shoulder (posterior deltoid)
71
How do you palpate Deltoid?
Trace the outline of the entire deltoid with 2 fingers (posterior spine of scapula/anterior lateral 1/3 of clavicle) laterally to the deltoid tuberosity. TG pg 67
72
How many muscles create extension of the arm at the shoulder?
4 muscles
73
What 4 muscles create extension of the arm at the shoulder?
1. Latissimus Dorsi; 2. Teres Major; 3. Posterior Deltoid; and 4. Triceps Brachii
74
Latissimus Dorsi*
GL: Posterior, Back, Superficial O: Spinous processes of T7-T12, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest and inferior 3 or 4 ribs I: Floor of the bicipital (intertubercular) groove of the humerus
75
How many actions does Latissimus Dorsi perform?
3 actions
76
What 3 actions does Latissimus Dorsi perform?
1-3. Extension, medial rotation and aDduction of the arm at the shoulder
77
How do you palpate Latissimus Dorsi?
Use two hands to cover the muscle belly on the thoracolumbar region and trace up to the axilla anteriorly to the bicipital groove. TG pg 71
78
Teres Major*
GL: Posterior, Axilla, Superficial O: Inferior angle (lateral side of) and lower 1/2 of the lateral border of the Scapula I: Medial lip of the bicipital groove of the Humerus
79
How many actions does Teres Major perform?
3 actions
80
What 3 actions does Teres Major perform?
1-3. Extension, medial rotation and aDduction of the arm at the shoulder
81
How do you palpate Teres Major?
Trace from the inferior lateral border of the scapula up to the axilla anteriorly to the bicipital groove. TG pg 71
82
How many muscles create the posterior axillary fold?
2 muscles
83
What 2 muscles create the posterior axillary fold?
1. Latissimus Dorsi; and 2. Teres Major
84
How many muscles create aBduction of the arm at the shoulder?
2 muscles
85
What 2 muscles create aBduction of the arm at the shoulder?
1. Supraspinatus; and 2. Mid Deltoid
86
Supraspinatus*
General Location: Posterior, Shoulder, Deep O: Supraspinous fossa of the Scapula I: Superior (anterior) facet of the greater tubercle of the Humerus
87
How many actions does Supraspinatus perform?
1 actions
88
What action does Supraspinatus perform?
ABduction of the arm at the shoulder
89
How do you palpate Supraspinatus?
Trace from the supraspinous fossa laterally (under the acromion) to the anterior facet of the greater tubercle. TG pg 74
90
How many muscles create aDduction of the arm at the shoulder?
3 muscles
91
What 3 muscles create aDduction of the arm at the shoulder?
1. Pectoralis Major; 2. Latissimus Dorsi; and 3. Teres Major
92
How many muscles create medial rotation of the arm at the shoulder?
5 muscles
93
What 5 muscles create medial rotation of the arm at the shoulder?
1. Subscapularis; 2. Pectoralis Major; 3. Latissimus Dorsi; 4. Teres Major; and 5. Anterior Deltoid
94
Subscapularis*
GL: Anterior, Scapula, Deep O: Subscapular fossa of the Scapula I: Lesser tubercle of the Humerus
95
How many actions does Subscapularis perform?
1 action
96
What action does Subscapularis perform?
1. Medial rotation of the arm at the shoulder
97
How do you palpate Subscapularis?
No palpation TG pg 74
98
How many muscles create the anterior axillary fold?
1 muscle
99
What muscle creates the anterior axillary fold?
1. Pectoralis Major
100
How many muscles create lateral rotation of the arm at the shoulder?
3 muscles
101
What 3 muscles create lateral rotation of the arm at the shoulder?
1. Infraspinatus; 2. Teres Minor; and 3. Posterior Deltoid
102
Infraspinatus*
GL: Posterior, Shoulder, Superficial O: Infraspinous fossa of the Scapula I: Middel facet of the greater tubercle of the Humerus
103
How many actions does Infraspinatus perform?
1 action
104
What action does Infraspinatus perform?
1. Lateral rotation of the arm at the shoulder
105
How do you palpate Infraspinatus?
Trace from the infraspinous fossa laterally to the middle facet of the greater tubercle. TG pg 74
106
Teres Minor*
GL: Posterior, Axilla, Superficial O: Superior 1/2 of the Lateral border of the Scapula I: Inferior (posterior) facet of the greater tubercle of the Humerus
107
How many actions does Teres Minor perform?
1 action
108
What action does Teres Minor perform?
1. Lateral rotation of the arm at the shoulder
109
How do you palpate Teres Minor?
Trace from the superior lateral border of the scapula in the axilla laterally to the posterior facet of the greater tubercle. TG pg 74
110
How movements possible at the scapula?
4 movements
111
What are the 4 movements possible at the scapula?
1. Elevation; 2. Depression; 3. ABduction (protraction); and 4. ADduction (retraction)
112
How many muscles create elevation of the scapula?
2 muscles
113
What 2 muscles create elevation of the scapula?
1. Upper Trapezius; and 2. Levator Scapulae
114
Trapezius*
GL: Posterior, Neck/Back, Superficial O: Superior Nuchal Line, EOP, Ligament of Nuchae and spinous processes of C7-T12 I: Lateral 1/3 of the clavicle, acromion, and spine of the scapula
115
How many actions does Trapezius perform?
4 actions
116
What 4 actions does Trapezius perform?
1-2. Elevation of the scapula and extension of the head at the next (upper trapezius) 3. ADduction (retraction) of the scapula (middle trapezius) 4. Depression of the scapula (lower trapezius)
117
How do you palpate Trapezius?
Trace from the EOP and Superior Nuchal Line and across the top of the shoulder to the acromion"\", as well as down to T12 and laterally up to the spine of the scapula "/". TG pg 68
118
Levator Scapulae*
GL: Posterior, Neck/Shoulder, Intermediate O: Transverse processes of C1-C4 I: Medial border (superior part) and superior angle of the scapula
119
How many actions does Levator Scapulae perform?
1 action
120
What action does Levator Scapulae perform?
1. Elevation of the scapula
121
How do you palpate Levator Scapulae?
Trace the transverse processes of C1-C4 with 4 fingers down to superior medial border of the scapula (superior angle to the root of the the spine) TG pg 83
122
How many muscles create depression of the scapula?
1 muscle
123
What muscle creates depression of the scapula?
1. Lower Trapezius
124
How many muscles create aBduction (protraction) of the scapula?
1 muscle
125
What muscle creates aBduction (protraction) of the scapula?
1. Serratus Anterior
126
Serratus Anterior
GL: Lateral, Chest wall, Superficial O: Lateral parts of ribs 1-8 I: Medial border of the scapula
127
How many actions does Serratus Anterior perform?
1 action
128
What action does Serratus Anterior perform?
1. ABduction (protraction) of the scapula?
129
How do you palpate Serratus Anterior?
No palpation TG pg 82
130
How many muscles create aDduction (retraction) of the scapula?
3 muscles
131
What 3 muscles create aDduction (retraction) of the scapula?
1. Rhomboid Major; 2. Rhomboid Minor and 3. Mid Trapezius
132
Rhomboid Major*
GL: Posterior, Midback, Intermediate O: Spinous processes of T2-T5 I: Medial border of the scapula from spine to inferior angle
133
How many actions does Rhomboid Major perform?
1 action
134
What action does Rhomboid Major perform?
1. ADduction (retraction) of the scapula
135
How do you palpate Rhomboid Major?
Trace a few fingers width just under C7/T1 on an angle to the inferior medial border of the scapula (root of the spine to the inferior angle). TG pg 82
136
Rhomboid Minor*
GL: Posterior, Midback, Intermediate O: Ligament of Nuchae and Spinous processes of C7 and T1 I: Root of the spine of the scapula
137
How many actions does Rhomboid Minor perform?
1 action
138
What action does Rhomboid Minor perform?
1. ADduction (retraction) of the scapula
139
How do you palpate Rhomboid Minor?
Trace 2 fingers width from C7/T1 on an angle to the root of the spine of the scapula. TG pg 82
140
How many movements possible at the neck?
4 movements
141
What are the 4 movements possible at the neck joint?
1. Flexion; 2. Extension; 3. Lateral Flexion; and 4. Rotation
142
What body part is moved at the neck joint?
The head
143
How is flexion of the head at the neck and torso at the waist accomplished?
Bilateral contraction
144
How many muscles create flexion of the head at the neck?
1 muscle
145
What muscle creates flexion of the head at the neck?
1. Sternocleidomastoid (bilaterally)
146
Sternocleidomastoid*
GL: Anterior/Lateral, Neck, Superficial O: 1) Sternal head: Manubrium; 2) Clavicular head: Medial 1/3 of the clavicle I: Mastoid process, Superior Nuchal Line of the occipital bone
147
How many actions does Sternocleidomastoid perform?
3 actions
148
What 3 actions does Sternocleidomastoid perform?
1. Flexion of the head at the neck (bilaterally) | 2-3. Lateral flexion and rotation (to the opposite side) of the head at the neck (both unilaterally)
149
How do you palpate Sternocleidomastoid?
No palpation TG pg 244
150
How is extension of the head at the neck and torso at the waist accomplished?
Bilateral contraction
151
How many muscles create extension of the head at the neck?
3 muscles
152
What 3 muscles create extension of the head at the neck?
1. Upper Trapezius; 2. Splenius Capitis; and 3. Erector Spinae (all bilaterally)
153
Splenius Capitis*
GL: Posterior, Neck, Intermediate O: Ligament of Nuchae, Spinous processes of C7-T3 I: Mastoid process and Superior Nuchal Line of the occipital bone
154
How many actions does Splenius Capitis perform?
3 actions
155
What 3 actions does Splenius Capitis perform?
1. Flexion of the head at the neck (bilaterally) | 2-3. Lateral flexion and rotation (to the opposite side) of the head at the neck (both unilaterally)
156
How do you palpate Splenius Capitis?
Form a ā€œVā€ with the hands; fingers on the mastoid processes and Superior Nuchal Lines and palms/wrists on C7- T3. TG pg 203
157
Erector Spinae Group (Erectors)
GL: POSTERIOR, BACK, DEEP O: 1) Iliocostalis: Bodies of ribs 12-3; 2) Longissimus: Transverse processes of L5-C4; and 3) Spinalis: Spinous processes of upper lumbar and lower thoracic and spinous process of C7 I: 1) Iliocostalis: All ribs, transverse processes of C7-C4; 2) Longissimus: Transverse processes of all vertebrae from T12-C2, ribs and mastoid process; and 3) Spinalis: Spinous processes of upper thoracic and cervical vertebrae
158
How many actions does the Erector Spinae Group perform?
6 actions
159
What 6 actions does the Erector Spinae Group perform?
1-2. Extension of the head at the neck and torso at the waist (bilaterally) 3. Maintenance of upright posture (bilaterally) 4-5. Lateral flexion of the head at the neck and torso at the waist (unilaterally) 6. Rotation of the torso at the waist (unilaterally)
160
How do you palpate Erector Spinae Group?
Trace from the mastoid process posteriorly down to the sacrum. TG pg 197-198
161
How is lateral flexion of the head at the neck and torso at the waist accomplished?
Unilateral contraction
162
How many muscles create lateral flexion of the head at the neck?
4 muscles
163
What 4 muscles create lateral flexion of the head at the neck?
1. Sternocleidomastoid; 2. Scalenes; 3. Splenius Capitis; and 4. Erector Spinae (all unilaterally)
164
Scalenes
GL: LATERAL, NECK, SUPERFICIAL O: 1) Anterior: Transverse processes of C3-C6; 2) Middle: Transverse processes of C2-C7; and 3) Posterior: Transverse processes of C4-C6 I: 1) ANTERIOR: 1ST RIB; 2) MIDDLE: 1ST RIB; AND 3) POSTERIOR: 2ND RIB
165
How many actions do the Scalenes perform?
2 actions
166
What 2 actions do the Scalenes perform?
1. Elevation of the ribs (bilaterally) | 2. Lateral flexion of the head at the neck (unilaterally)
167
How do you palpate the Scalenes?
No palpation TG pg 247
168
How is rotation of the head at the neck and torso at the waist accomplished?
Unilateral contraction
169
How many muscles create rotation of the head at the neck?
2 muscles
170
What 2 muscles create rotation of the head at the neck?
1. Sternocleidomastoid; and 2. Splenius Capitis (both unilaterally)
171
How many movements possible at the waist?
4 movements
172
What are the 4 movements possible at the waist joint?
1. Flexion; 2. Extension; 3. Lateral Flexion; and 4. Rotation
173
What body part is moved at the waist joint?
The torso or trunk
174
How many muscles create flexion of the torso at the waist?
4 muscles
175
What 4 muscles create flexion of the torso at the waist?
1. Rectus Abdominis; 2. Internal Obliques; 3. External Obliques; and 4. Psoas Major (all bilaterally)
176
Rectus Abdominis*
GL: Anterior, Abdominal, Superficial O: Xiphoid process and costal cartilages of ribs 5-7 I: Pubic symphysis and pubic crest of the pubis bone
177
How many actions does Rectus Abdominis perform?
2 actions
178
What 2 actions does Rectus Abdominis perform?
1. Compression of the abdominal contents | 2. Flexion of the torso at the waist
179
How do you palpate Rectus Abdominis?
No palpation. TG pg 210
180
Transverse Abdominis
GL: ANTERIOR, ABDOMINAL, DEEP O: Interior surfaces of 7th-12th costal cartilages, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest and 1/3 of the inguinal ligament I: Linea alba via the aponeurosis of internal obliques, pubic crest and conjoint tendon
181
How many actions does the Transverse Abdominis perform?
1 action
182
What action does Transverse Abdominis perform?
1. Compression of the abdominal contents.
183
How do you palpate Transverse Abdominis?
No palpation. TG pg 211
184
Internal Obliques
GL: ANTERIOR, ABDOMINAL, INTERMEDIATE O: Thoracolumbar fascia, anterior 2/3 of the iliac crest and lateral 1/2 of the inguinal ligament I: Ribs 10-12, Linea Alba and Pubis
185
How many actions do the Internal Obliques perform?
4 actions
186
What 4 actions do the Internal Obliques perform?
1. Compression of the abdominal contents 2. Flexion of the torso at the waist (bilaterally) 3-4. Lateral flexion and rotation of the torso at the waist (unilaterally)
187
How do you palpate the Internal Obliques?
No palpation. TG pg 211
188
External Obliques
GL: ANTERIOR, ABDOMINAL, SUPERFICIAL O: Exterior surfaces of ribs 5-12 I: Linea alba and iliac crest of the ilium
189
How many actions do the External Obliques perform?
4 actions
190
What 4 actions do the External Obliques perform?
1. Compression of the abdominal contents 2. Flexion of the torso at the waist (bilaterally) 3-4. Lateral flexion and rotation of the torso at the waist (unilaterally)
191
How do you palpate the External Obliques?
No palpation. TG pg 211
192
Psoas Major*
GL: Abdominal/Pelvic Cavity, Deep O: Bodies, discs and transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae I: Lesser trochanter of the Femur
193
How many actions does Psoas Major perform?
3 actions
194
What 3 actions does Psoas Major perform?
1. Flexion of the torso at the waist (bilaterally) | 2-3. Flexion and lateral rotation of the thigh at the hip
195
How do you palpate Psoas Major?
No palpation. TG pg 332
196
How many muscles create extension of the torso at the waist?
2 muscles
197
What 2 muscles create extension of the torso at the waist?
1. Erector Spinae; and 2. Quadratus Lumborum (both bilaterally)
198
Quadratus Lumborum*
GL: Low, Back, Deep O: Iliac Crest of the Ilium I: 12th rib and transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae
199
How many actions does Quadratus Lumborum perform?
2 actions
200
What 2 actions does Quadratus Lumborum perform?
1. Extension of the torso at the waist (bilaterally) | 2. Lateral flexion of the torso at the waist (unilaterally)
201
How do you palpate Quadratus Lumborum?
Laterally flex side to side to locate the 12th rib, then trace down from the lumbar vertebrae at a slight angle to posterior iliac crest.
202
How many muscles create lateral flexion of the torso at the waist?
5 muscles
203
What 5 muscles create lateral flexion of the torso at the waist?
1. Rectus Abdominis; 2. Internal Obliques; 3. External Obliques; 4. Erector Spinae; and 5. Quadratus Lumborum (all unilaterally)
204
How many muscles create rotation of the torso at the waist?
4 muscles
205
What 4 muscles create rotation of the torso at the waist?
1. Rectus Abdominis; 2. Internal Obliques; 3. External Obliques; and 4. Erector Spinae (all unilaterally)
206
What fiber direction do the Internal Obliques run?
//// \\\\
207
What fiber direction do the External Obliques run?
\\\\ ////
208
What fiber direction does the Transverse Abdominis run?
= =
209
What fiber direction does Rectus Abdominis run?
|||| | ||||

Bancroft: KINES (3 decks)

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