Test 2 - Muscular System

Question 1

Different Types of Muscles

Answer 1

voluntary muscle: skeletal muscle

involuntary muscles: smooth muscle, cardiac muscle

Question 2

Function of Skeletal Muscles

Answer 2

contraction (shortening) that moves the body and its parts

Question 3

Structure of Muscles

Answer 3

bundles of muscle fibers contain myofibrils, contains units that contract a muscle

job of the muscle is to move the body

made up of muscular tissue; cells called muscle fibers

protein fibers make cells do their jobs

Question 4

Tendons

Answer 4

stabilize joints by keeping adjoining bones in proper alignment

Question 5

Bursa

Answer 5

fluid-fueled sacs that tendons slide across

Question 6

Muscle Proteins

Answer 6

sarcomeres are organizational of proteins and the basic unit of contraction, made up of thick and thin filaments

thick filaments: two strands of ACTIN molecule
thin filaments: contain MYOSIN molecules

Question 7

Rigor Mortis

Answer 7

happens at death

body cells stop making ATP

myosin cross-bridges with actin, cannot break up after a power stroke

skeletal muscles “lock up”

lasts for 24-60 hours

Question 8

What Does ACh do?

Answer 8

when ACh reaches the muscle fiber, calcium is released
when calcium is released, contraction may be initiated

Question 9

Motor Neuron

Answer 9

carries commands to muscle fibers, signals triggers or stop contraction of sarcomeres

Question 10

Motor Units

Answer 10

a motor neuron and the muscle fiber it innervates

Question 11

Aerobic Exercise

Answer 11

works muscles at a rate in which body can keep them supplied with oxygen

Question 12

Strength Training

Answer 12

short duration exercise such as weight-training, modest strength training slows the loss of skeletal muscle

Question 13

Movements of Skeletal Muscles - Antagonistic

Answer 13

working in opposition of one another

Question 14

Movements of Skeletal Muscles - Synergistical

Answer 14

add force or help stabilize the contracting muscle

Question 15

Muscle Injuries

Answer 15

strains: movements stretches and tears muscle fibers
treat with icebags, rest, and Ibuprofen

tears: effects can last a lifetime
scar tissue may shorten a muscle

Question 16

Cramps, Spasms, and Tics

Answer 16

cramps: abnormal contractions that do not release, may be caused by potential potassium deficiency

spams: sudden, involuntary contractions

tics: minor, involuntary twitches, may be triggered by anxiety

Question 17

Muscular Dystrophies

Answer 17

large group of genetic diseases, destroys muscle fibers, whole muscles weaken and fiber

duchenne muscular dystrophy: most common form in children, caused by mutant gene

myotonic muscular dystrophy: seen in adults, generally affects only hands and feet

Question 18

Other Muscular Issues - Bacterial Infections

Answer 18

interfere with nervous system signals to muscles

ex: boxtox, tetanus

Question 19

Muscles and the Muscular System in Hemostasis

Answer 19

muscular system works with skeletal system to produce body movement

muscle tissue produce most of the body’s heat

smooth muscle contractions move food during digestion

cardiac muscle moves blood