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Psych Ch1 > Test 2 Review > Flashcards

Test 2 Review Flashcards

1
Q

Neuroplasticity

A

The brains ability to change structure and function

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2
Q

Functional plasticity

A

The brains ability to shift functions from damage to undamaged brain areas

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3
Q

Structural plasticity

A

The brains ability to physically change in response to experience

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4
Q

Neurogenesis

A

Development of new neurons

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5
Q

Hindbrain

A
  • lower base of the brain
  • earliest to evolve
  • includes Medulla, Pond, Cerebellum
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6
Q

Medulla

A

Contains a respiratory center for example breathing, and yawning, heart rate

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7
Q

pond

A

Connects the 2/2 of the brain. Sleep and arousal

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8
Q

Cerebellum

A

Deals with muscle coordination, behavior that requires aim and skill

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9
Q

Midbrain

A

Middle region of the brain; processes visual and auditory sensory

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10
Q

Forebrain

A

Two hemispheres

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11
Q

Identify the lobes of the brain

A

Frontal, pairental, temporal, occipital

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12
Q

Frontal lobe

A

Responsible for language, reasoning, planning and problem-solving

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13
Q

Parietal Lobe

A

Contains Somato sensory, Processes smell, touch

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14
Q

Temporal lobe

A

Auditory information, smell, Memory and emotion; left temporal lobe contains area involved in speech, function of language

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15
Q

What is meant by lateralization of function

A

some functions are processed by one side of the brain

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16
Q

What functions are associated with the right and left hemispheres of the brain?

A

language( grammar),writing,reading and arithmic= LEFT

visual-spatial tasks, patterns,faces, emotional expression, music

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17
Q

Aphasia

A

Impairment and understanding language

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18
Q

Apraxia

A
  • defects in nonverbal skills
  • damage to the right hemisphere

Ex. dressing apraxia – trouble putting clothes on one side of the body
- contractural apraxia-cannot copy a drawing

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19
Q

Broca’s area

A

damage to an area of the lower left frontal lobe

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20
Q

Warnicke’s area

A
  • affects the left temporal lobe
  • speech is meaningless
  • fluent aphasia
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21
Q

What is meant by the term circadian rhythm

A

Fluctuations in biological and psychological processes that occur over 24 hour.

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22
Q

What is the suprachiasmatic nucleus?where is it located

A

Cluster of neurons located in the hypothalamus that govern the timing of the circadian rhythm

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23
Q

What role does melatonin play and sleep?

A

-levels of melatonin change over a 24 hour. As we fall asleep or melatonin levels increase and as we start to awake Out melatonin levels decrease

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24
Q

Why is the sleep – wake cycle referred to as a circadian rhythm him?

A

…

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25
Describe the sleep cycle
- stage one – very light sleep - stage two – light sleep - stage III – deep sleep - stage four – very deep sleep - stage five – REM sleep
26
How is sleep typically study?
through an electroencephalogram that measures brain activity during sleep through monitoring brain waves
27
Distinguish between REM and non-REM sleep
– After stage four = REM sleep | - NREM= stages one through four
28
What are characteristics of RAM sleep
- muscle paralysis | - dream state
29
What is meant by the term REM rebound effect
Making up for lost REM sleep
30
Freud's theory on dreams
Dreams contain manifest and latent content
31
Manifest content
The descriptions of dreams as one remembers it
32
Latent content
The explanation, analysis of the dream
33
Activation synthesis hypothesis
Use of brain waves explain dreams
34
Neurocognitive theory
Dreams are similar to thinking when awake without voluntary control
35
Dyssomnia's
Involve disruptions in the amount, timing or quality of sleep
36
Dyssomnia disorders
- isomnia - obstructive sleep apnea - Narcolepsy
37
Parasomnia
sleep disorders involving undesirable physical arousal, behaviors or events during sleep or sleep transition
38
What is meant by the term "psychoactive substance "
Chemicals that affect consciousness , perceptions , mood and behaviors
39
Substance dependence
Body and brain chemistry have physically adapted to a drug
40
Tolerance
The need for increasing doses of a substance to achieve the effect formally obtained from a smaller dose
41
Withdrawal
Unpleasant physical runs that occur when a person stops taking a drug.
42
Depressants
Depress or slows the function of CNS ``` - Alcohol -barbiturates -inhalant -tranquilizers ```
43
Stimulant and ex.
-increases brain activity Ex. Amphetamines -cocaine
44
Opiates
-produces loss of sensitivity to pain
45
Hallucinogens
-creates perceptual distortions and altered moods
46
Designer club drugs
synthetic drugs used at dance clubs and parties
47
examples of stimulants
caffeine, Nicotine, Amphetamines, Cociane
48
examples of psychedelic drugs
-LSD, marijuana , Mescaline
49
examples of opioids
Opium, Morphine,Codeine , Heroin, Methadone, prescribed painkillers
50
examples of depressants
alcohol,barbiturates,tranquilizers
51
Arcuate Fasciculus
Bundle of fibers that connect Wernicke’s and Boca’s areas
52
damage to Arcuate Fasciculus
``` causes Conduction Aphasia.... peech is fluent; good comprehension Difficulties producing names objects assembling phonemes into words (fff, sss) ```
53
The Split Brain | founder
split his corpus collosum to prevent the traveling from one hemisphere to another -Roger Sperry
54
split brain research left functions
Left hemisphere Function -speech and language mathematical computation/
55
split brain research right functions
recognizing faces spatial abilities emotional response musical tasks
56
Visual Agnosia
inability to identify objects visually ( <<
57
during wakefulness these types of brain waves are transmitted
Beta brain waves
58
during drowsiness these types of brain waves are
Alpha brain waves. longer and more frequent than beta waves
59
Hypnagogic hallucinations
brief vivid sensory phenomena that occur during the onset of sleep. occurs during transitional period
60
Dream work-(Freudian)
process that transforms latent content
61
Activation Synthesis Hypothesis founders
Hobson & McCarley (1977)
62
Neurocognitive Theory of dreaming | founder
William Domhoff( 2005, 2010)
63
Narcolepsy
Excessive daytime sleepiness. Sleep attacks. Attacks of muscle weakness (cataplexy). Intrusion of REM sleep into wakefulness.
64
Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA)
Life-threatening. Flow of air to the lungs stops for at least 10 seconds. Higher risk among men and the obese.
65
Sleepwalking(somnabulism)
Affects children and about 4% of adults Can engage in elaborate behavior with no memory of it when awakened. occurs in stage 4
66
Sleep Terrors
occur during Stage 4 sleep. Affects children between ages 2 and 5. Usually disappears as the child matures. occur during REM sleep
67
Sleep-Related Eating Disorder
Sleepwalking to the kitchen & eating compulsively | not conscious of it
68
Sleepsex (Sexsomnia)
Involves abnormal sexual behaviors and experiences during sleep.
69
Delirium tremens
consequence of long term heavy alcohol consumption
70
Korsakov’s syndrome
- a severe brain impairment characterized by forgetting incidents of ones daily life activities

Psych Ch1 (6 decks)

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