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Micro Finals > Test 2 Review > Flashcards

Test 2 Review Flashcards

1
Q

Genetic regulation refers to

A

changing the number of times transcription starts

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2
Q

The “codon” is located on

A

the mRNA

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3
Q

The process by which DNA is made

A

Replication

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4
Q

Operons ae present in DNA where

A

Genes are polycestronic

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5
Q

RNA polymerase is

A

Responsible for making RNA

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6
Q

The codon AUG is unique because

A

it’s the translation start signal

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7
Q

Transfer RNA is responsible for

A

carting amino acid to the ribosomes

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8
Q

The enzyme principally responsible for DNA replication is

A

DNA polymerase

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9
Q

The leading strand of a replication DNA molecules is made in

A

The 5’ to 3’ direction

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10
Q

The region where transcription starts is referred to as the

A

promotor

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11
Q

which has to be removed from RNA in Eukaryotes before translation

A

Intron

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12
Q

Frame shift mutation are caused by

A

insertion

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13
Q

F plasmid code for

A
  • sex pilus- plasmid transfer- plasmid replication- (not toxin resistance)
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14
Q

Inducible operons are only induced by

A

a single substance

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15
Q

plasmid

A
  • a circular piece of DNA- can be transfered to other cells- self-replicating- (not absolutely nescessary for cell function)
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16
Q

Changes in the sequence of DNA bases are called

A
  • mutations
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17
Q

mutations are always considered detrimental to the cell

A
  • false
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18
Q

the codons UAA, UAG, UGA

A
  • stop signal for translation
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19
Q

if a DNA base changes does not result in an Amino Acid Change it’s called

A
  • Silent mutation
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20
Q

Transcription 1st step

A
  • small ribosomal subunit binds with the mRNA
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21
Q

Plasmids are linear pieces of DNA

A
  • false
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22
Q

Absorption of DNA from the environment is called

A
  • transformation
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23
Q

Genetic changes in bacteria can be brought about by

A
  • base substitution- conjugation- transduction- transformation
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24
Q

In catabolite repression, when glucose is high, cAMP is ___, and CAP - cAMP ____ transcriptioin

A

low; activates

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25
viruses infecting bacteria are known as
bacteriophage
26
the protein coats of viruses are called
capsids
27
Plasmid DNA
- self repicating- have few genes- always acquired in transformation- (not essential for survival of the bacterium)
28
Plasmids encoding for enzymes which breakdown antiboiotics are called
R-plasmids
29
The enzyme responsible for connecting okasaki fragments is?
DNA ligase
30
The operator is
- a DNA sequence involved in multiple gene regulation
31
Which best describe an operon
- a set of multiple genes all under common transcriptional control
32
the transmission of DNA from cell to cell is known as
- conjugation
33
Resistance to ATB transferred through conjugation uses
- F plasmids
34
In a repressible operon system, the co-repressor sits on the operator, blocking:
-RNA polymerase
35
DNA polymerase makes -and RNA polymerase makes -DNA ligase - bindsPrimase makes
- makes DNA from DNA- makes...- binds DNA fragments together- makes short pieces of RNA and DNA
36
In Bacterial cells, an enzyme producedin response to its substrate is called an
- an inducible enzyme
37
F + cells conjugate with all other cells
false
38
F' can conjugate with F+ cells
False
39
The envelops of a virus consist of
lipid bilayer with glycoproteins
40
When viruses "but out" of their host cll, they remove a little of the cell membrane this process is called
exocytosis
41
What kinds of mechanisms are present in the 1st line of defense in humans?
Physical barriers and Chemical defenses
42
What are 4 characteristics of exotoxins?
- protein- specific- highly toxic- non-pyrogenic- heat labile- antigenic
43
What chemical defense is present in tears and sweat?
- lysozymes
44
Which of the following is not a virulence factor?- capsule- neurotoxin- peptidoglycan- endotoxin
- peptidoglycan
45
Animals that are responsible for the transmission of an infectious disease are:- vehicles- vectors- fomites- incubators
- vectors
46
The major phagocytic cells are:
macrophages
47
All of these tissues contain normal microbiota except:- the respiratory tract- the intestines- skin- liver
- liver
48
Exotoxins are only produced by Gram + cells
- False
49
Which of the followingn is not phagocytic cells?- neutrophils- macrophages- dendritic cells- basophils
basophils
50
Which of the following is consisdered part of the innate (non-specific) immune system?- complement- b- cells- t- cells- antibodies
- complement
51
Alpha interferon is responsible for preventing viral infections
true
52
Inflammation is only initiated by antigen-antibody binding
false
53
Interferon is most effective against?
RNA viruses
54
Dna is constructed of?
2 strands of nucleotdies running anti-parallel
55
the process by which DNA is made is calleed
replication
56
the enzyme principally responsible for DNA replication is
DNA polymerase
57
The leading strand of a replicating DNA molecule is made in?
the 5' to 3' direction
58
The region where transcription starts is refered to as the
promoter
59
the enzyme responsible for connecting Okasaki fragments is?
DNA ligase
60
On a DNA strand a thymine residue would be matched with ___ on the complementary strand?
adenine
61
which of the following is not an enzyme involved in replication
RNA polymerase
62
If there is an adenine residue on a DNA strand when it is transcribed ____ will be added to the RNA
Uracil
63
Transcription proceeds in which of the following direction?
3' to 5'
64
the term oncogenic virus refers to
tumor-causing virus
65
+ sense RNA viruses must be packaged with a molecule of replicase within the virion
false
66
- sense RNA virus must be packaged with a molecule of transcriptase within the virion
true
67
virus genomes that fuse with cellular DNA becomes
provirus
68
In order for RNA virus to replicate what must hqppen
a replicative form of RNA must be made
69
HIV is a form of - sense RNA virus
False
70
Reverse transcriptase is an enzyme present in most eukaryotic cells
false
71
viruses might cause cancer by mutating only one gene
false
72
prions cause problems in all tissues in the body
false
73
encephalopathy is caused by?
apoptosis

Micro Finals (10 decks)

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