Test 2: Spine/Thorax Flashcards
(23 cards)
True ribs are ribs ____, false ribs are ribs _____, floating ribs are _____.
true ribs: 1-7
false ribs: 8-12
floating ribs: 11-12
Palpate and OIAN:
internal intercostals
O: superior border of the rib below
I: inferior border of the rib above
A: draw ribs inferiorly (decreasing space of thoracic cavity) to assist with exhalation
N: thoracic
Intercostal muscles are named after the rib ABOVE.
Only way to distinguish between internal and external intercostal muscles is to get them to either inhale or exhale. Your fingers will be in the same place.
To engage internal intercostal muscles, they must FORCEFULLY exhale
Palpate and OIAN:
external intercostals
O: inferior border of the rib above
I: superior border of the rib below
A: draw the ribs superiorly (increasing the space of the thoracic cavity) to assist with inhalation
N: thoracic
Intercostal muscles are named after the rib ABOVE.
Only way to distinguish between internal and external intercostal muscles is to get them to either inhale or exhale. Your fingers will be in the same place.
To engage internal intercostal muscles, they must FORCEFULLY exhale
No palpation.
OIAN:
serratus anterior
O: external surfaces of upper 8 or 9 ribs
I: anterior surface of medial border of the scapula
A: reverse action:
origin fixed - scapula abd, upward rot, depress, hold against rib cage
Scapula fixed - elevate thorax during forced inhalation
N: long thoracic
Palpate and OIAN:
MFT (middle fibres of trapezius)
O: external occipital protuberance, nuchal line of occiput, ligamentum nuchae, SP of C7-T12 (T1-T6)
I: lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula
A: scapula add (retraction) and stabilization
N: cranial nerve 11 (accessory) and ventral ramus
Prone, thumbs up horizontal abd = MFT.
Palpate and OIAN:
Rhomboid major
O: T2-T5 SP
I: medial border of scapula between spine of scapula and inferior angle
A: scapula add, elevate, downward rotation
N: dorsal scapular
Prone, thumbs down horizontal abd = Rhomboids.
Palpate and OIAN:
Rhomboid minor
O: C7 and T1 SP
I: upper portion of medial border of scapula, across from spine of scapula
A: scapula add, elevate, downward rotation
N: dorsal scapular
Prone, thumbs down horizontal abd = Rhomboids.
Palpate and OIAN:
LFT (lower fibres of trapezius).
O: external occipital protuberance, nuchal line of occiput, ligamentum nuchae, SP of C7-T12
I: lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula
A: scapula depression and upward rotation
N: cranial nerve 11 (accessory) and ventral ramus
MMT for LFT: get them in Y position (superman) prone with thumbs up and get them to lift arm off bed. Push arm proximal to elbow and on lower back and try to push towards bed.
No palpation.
OIAN:
serratus posterior superior
O: C7-T3 SP
I: post surface of ribs 2-5
A: elevate ribs during inhalation
N: don’t need to know for exam.
No palpation.
OIAN:
serratus posterior inferior
O: T12-L3 SP
I: post surface of ribs 9-12
A: depress ribs during exhalation
N: don’t need to know for exam.
Palpate and OIAN:
latissimus dorsi
O: inferior angle of scapula, SP of last 6 thoracic vertebrae, last 3-4 ribs, thoracolumbar fascia, and posterior iliac crest
I: intertubercular groove of humerus
A: shoulder ext, add, IR
N: thoracodorsal
Deep to biceps brachii
MMT: arm behind back, thumb on opposite butt cheek, pinky up. Try and bring arm back.
Palpate as a group and OIAN:
iliocostalis
O: common tendon, post surface of ribs 1-12
I: TP of L1-3 and post surface of ribs 6-12, 1-6, and TP of lower cervicals
No way to differentiate between spinalis and longissimus.
Only a iliocostalis lumborum. - not in C or Tspine
Easier to engage when extending opposite hip.
Can get more if arms over head. Arms more on same side but feel on both side.
Palpate as a group and OIAN:
longissimus
O: common tendon, TP of upper 5 thoracic vertebrae
I: lower 9 ribs and TP of Tspine and Cspine, mastoid process
No way to differentiate between spinalis and longissimus.
Easier to engage when extending opposite hip.
Can get more if arms over head. Arms more on same side but feel on both side.
Palpate as a group and OIAN:
spinalis
O: SP of upper Lspine and lower Tspine
I: SP of upper Tspine, C2-7
No way to differentiate between spinalis and longissimus.
Easier to engage when extending opposite hip.
Can get more if arms over head. Arms more on same side but feel on both side.
No palpation.
OIAN:
transversospinales: semispinalis
O: TP of C4-T5
I: between superior and inferior nuchal lines of occiput
A: ext vertebral column and head
N: cervical
No palpation.
OIAN:
transversospinales: multifidus
O: sacrum and TP of Lspine - Cspine I: SP of Lspine - C2 A: unilaterally - rotate vertebral column to opposite side bilateraly - ext vertebral column N: spinal
No palpation.
OIAN:
transversospinales: rotatores
O: TP of Lspine - Cspine
A: unilaterally - rotate vertebral column to opposite side
bilateraly - ext vertebral column
N: spinal
Palpate ribs 2-12.
.
List the erector spinae from medial to lateral.
- spinalis
- longissimus
- iliocostalis
List the layers of the upper back muscles from superficial to deep.
- trapezius
- latissimus dorsi
- rhomboids
- serratus posterior
- erector spinae
Postural muscles have a ______ (superior/inferior) origin and a _____ (superior/inferior) insertion.
- inferior
- superior
What orientation do the transversospinales muscles run?
inferior to superior, lateral to medial
List the transversospinales muscles from superifical to deep.
- rotatores
- multifidus
- semispinalis
