test 2 - textbook jazz Flashcards
(36 cards)
What is the alpha?
The probability of error or the probability that a confidence interval does not contain the population value (167)
What is a bias?
A criterion used to select sample statistics as estimators. A statistic is unbiased if the mean of its sampling distribution is equal to the population value of interest (163)
What is the confidence interval
An estimate of a population value in which a range of values is specified (163)
What is the confidence level?
A frequency used alternative way of expressing alpha, the probability that an interval estimate will not contain the population value. (confidence levels of 95% rather than an alpha of .05) (167)
What is efficiency?
The extent to which the sample outcomes are clustered around the mean of the sampling distribution (172)
What is the error bar?
A graphic display device used to illustrate the confidence interval of a sample statistic (172)
What is the margin of error?
The size of a confidence interval for a sample mean or sample proportion. It is also called the margin of sampling error, or just sampling error (163)
What is the point estimate?
An estimate of a population value where a single value is specified (163)
What is the alpha level?
The proportion of area under the sampling distribution that contains unlikely sample outcomes, given that the null hypothesis is true (205)
What is the critical region? (also known as the region of rejection)
The area under the sampling distribution that contains unlikely sample outcomes, given that the null hypothesis is true (205)
What is the five-step model?
A step-by-step guideline for conducting test hypotheses. A framework that organizes decisions & computations for all tests of significance (203)
What is hypothesis testing?
Statistical tests that estimate the probability of sample outcomes if assumptions about the population (the null hypothesis) are true (196)
What is the null hypothesis (Ho)?
A statement of “no diference.” In the context of a single-sample tests of significance, the population from which the sample was drawn is assumed to have a certain characteristic or value (204)
What is a one-tailed test?
A type of hypothesis test used when (1) the direction of the difference can be predicted or (2) concern focuses on outcomes in only one tail of the sampling distribution (209)
What is a research hypothesis (H1)?
A statement that contradicts the null hypothesis. In context of single-sample tests of significance, the research hypothesis says that the population from which the sample was drawn does not have a certain characteristic or value (204)
What is significance testing?
…. I dunno - check notes
What are the five steps involved in the five-step model?
- Make assumptions & meet test requirements
- State the null hypothesis
- Select the sampling distribution & establish the critical region
- Compute the test statistic
- Make a decision & interpret the results of the test
(203)
What is the t distribution?
A distribution used to find the critical region for tests of sample means when (insert symbol that’s a circle with a little arrow sticking to the right on the top of it) is unknown & sample size is small (217)
What is the t(critical)?
The t score that marks the beginning of the critical region of a t distribution (218)
What is the t(obtained)?
The test statistic computed in step 4 of the five-step model. The sample outcome expressed as a t-score (219)
What is the test statistic?
The value computed in step 4 of the five-step model that converts the sample outcome into either a t score or a z score (205)
What is a two-tailed test?
A type f hypothesis test used when (1) the direction of the difference cannot be predicted or (2) concern focuses on outcomes in both tails of the sampling distribution (209)
What is a type I error? (alpha error)
The probability of rejecting a null hypothesis that is, in fact, true (214)
What is a type II error? (beta error)
The probability of failing to reject a null hypothesis that is, in fact, false (215)
