Test 2 tracts & brain areas

Question 0

Tonic receptor

Answer 0

Does not adapt to stimuli

Ex- walking down stairs you don’t want to stop responding to the proprioception

Question 1

Phasic receptor

Answer 1

Gets used to and stops responding to a stimuli

Question 2

Monosynaptic

Answer 2

Afferent neuron synapses directly to the efferent neuron

Question 3

Polysynaptic

Answer 3

Sensory (Afferent) neuron synapses with interneuron (starts and ends in CNS) then that synapses with efferent neuron

Question 4

Anterior spinothalamic tract

Answer 4

Ascending

Carries course touch and pressure from spinal cord to thalamus

Question 5

Lateral spinothalamic tract

Answer 5

Ascending

Carries pain and temperature from spinal cord to thalamus

Question 6

Spinocellebellar tract

Answer 6

Ascending
Carries proprioception
Spinal cord to cerebellum

Question 7

Fasiculus cuneatus tract

Answer 7

Ascending

Proprioception, fine touch and pressure

Question 8

Fasiculus gracilis tract

Answer 8

Ascending

Proprioception and fine touch and pressure

Question 9

Corticospinal tract

Answer 9

Descending
Carries voluntary conscious motor commands
Cerebral cortex to spinal cord
Aka pyramidal tract

Question 10

Tectospinal tract

Answer 10

Descending

Subconscious turning of head due to sound etc

Question 11

Rubrospinal tract

Answer 11

Descending

Sub conscious muscle coordination

Question 12

Vestibulospinal tract

Answer 12

Descending

Sub conscious muscle movements to maintain equilibrium

Question 13

Reticule spinal tract

Answer 13

Descending
Subconscious commands to maintain muscle tone
Autonomic command to sweat glands

Question 14

Commissural tracts

Answer 14

Run laterally between then hemispheres

Question 15

Corpus callosum

Answer 15

Largest commissural tract
Holds hemispheres together
Larger in females than in males

Question 16

Association tracts

Answer 16

Run anterior to posterior in the brain

Question 17

Projection tracts

Answer 17

Ascending and descending tracts that run form the spinal cord to the brain

Question 18

Basal nuclei

Answer 18

Coordinate muscle movement
Modulate commands from primary motor area
Involved with facilitation and inhibition of voluntary motor movement

Question 19

Paleocortex

Answer 19

Made up of thalamus and hypothalamus

Is dense with many nuclei

Question 20

Thalamus

Answer 20

The relay center of the brain

All input except smell synapse in the thalamus 1st and it integrates it

Question 21

premotor area

Answer 21

part of the frontal lobe

where repetitive, practiced/learned motor occurs

Question 22

pre-frontal cortex

Answer 22

in the frontal lobe

where reasoning & abstract thinking, concentration, planning, writing and personality occur

Question 23

GNOSTIC

Answer 23

general interpretive area

Question 24

wernicke's area

Answer 24

where language occurs

Question 25

transverse tracts

Answer 25

run between the pons and cerebellum to update proprioceptive information

Question 26

hipocampus

Answer 26

the main nuclei of the thalamus | where memory resides

Question 27

hypothalamus

Answer 27

THE visceral center; the link between the nervous system and endocrine system ~the highest neural command center of the autonomic and endocrine systems the nuclei control- basic instinct behavior, circadian rhythms, temperature cycle, hunger, thirst, sexual behavior, maternal behavior, phobia, and aggression

Question 28

limbic system

Answer 28

spans the thalamus and the hypothalamus where emotions reside integrates the emotion content of the sensory info you are receiving houses the phobic, aggressive, and sex behavior centers

Question 29

corpra quadrigemina

Answer 29

upper= superior colliculi= eyeball movements responding to visual stimulus lower= inferior colliculi= move head in response to sound

Question 30

red nucleus

Answer 30

rubrospinal tract starts here important in muscle coordination

Question 31

pons

Answer 31

send copies of info going to the brain to the cerebellum which can override commands to modify motor commands also houses respiratory nuclei

Question 32

respiratory nuclei

Answer 32

in the pons control breathing rate can still breathe with loss of upper brain

Question 33

vital center nuclei

Answer 33

in the medulla oblongata | controls cardiac and vasomotor centers if the hypothalamus is dead

Question 34

nucleus gracilis

Answer 34

in the medulla oblongata | synapse point of ascending fasiculi gracilus

Question 35

nucleus cuneatus

Answer 35

in the medulla oblongata | synapse point of fasiculi cuneatus

Question 36

vestibular nucleus

Answer 36

vestibulospinal tract originates here | coordinates muscle response to maintain equilibrium

Question 37

reticular formation

Answer 37

in medulla oblongata; reticulospinal tract originates here | maintains muscle tone and sweat glands, and maintains consciousness and arousal from sleep

Question 38

cerebellum

Answer 38

mini motor brain important for muscle coordination works with rubrospinal tract

Question 39

subdural space

Answer 39

b/w dura mater and arachnoid layer | contains serous fluid- cuts friction

Question 40

epidural space

Answer 40

b/w vertebrae and dura mater | contains lots of blood vessels, lymph vessels and fat

Question 41

subarachnoid space

Answer 41

b/w arachnoid layer and pia mater | contain CSF

Question 42

choroid plexus

Answer 42

part of pia mater that interacts with ependymal cells to secrete CSF

Question 43

ependymal cells

Answer 43

produce CSF | have cilia to circulate CSF

Question 44

periosteal layer

Answer 44

sub layer of dura mater right against the skull

Question 45

arachnoid layer

Answer 45

has villi that project into the blood sinus b/w periosteal layer and meningeal layer of the dura mater CSF enters the villi and drains in the blood sinus into the venus system

Question 46

meningeal layer

Answer 46

sub layer of dura mater closer to arachnoid layer

Question 47

adrenal gland

Answer 47

made of short sympathetic post-ganglionic fibers | medulla releases E/NE into blood stream to initiate a systemic fight or flight response