test 2 (units 5-8)

Question 1

physical skills that involve the small muscles and hand-eye coordination are called

Answer 1

fine motor skills

Question 2

crib death is the leading cause of postneonatal infant death in the US

Answer 2

sudden infant death syndrome

Question 3

a process that involves elimination of excess brain cells to achieve more efficient functioning is

Answer 3

cell death

Question 4

an apparatus designed to test the depth perception of infants is the

Answer 4

visual cliff

Question 5

the center of language and logical thinking

Answer 5

the left hemisphere

Question 6

the molding of the brain through experience

Answer 6

plasticity

Question 7

the proportion of babies born alive who die within the first year is called the

Answer 7

infant mortality rate

Question 8

automatic, involuntary, innate responses by newborns to stimulation are

Answer 8

reflex behaviors

Question 9

movement of arms and legs illustrates the principle of

Answer 9

gross motor skills

Question 10

the brain and spinal chord make up the

Answer 10

central nervous system

Question 11

nerve cells that send and receive information

Answer 11

neurons

Question 12

motor development marked by a series of milestones developed systematically

Answer 12

systems of action

Question 13

processes visual and spatial info

Answer 13

right hemisphere

Question 14

neurons that control various groups of muscles coordinate their activities

Answer 14

integration

Question 15

the time during which a given behavior is especially susceptible to, and indeed requires, specific environmental influences to develop normally

Answer 15

critical period(s)

Question 16

period when words and phrases are formed

Answer 16

linguistic

Question 17

period that includes crying, cooing, babbling, and imitating language sounds

Answer 17

prelinguistic

Question 18

kids acquire language through reinforcement and imitation

Answer 18

behaviorist

Question 19

approach seeks to determine and measure quantitively the factors that make up intelligence

Answer 19

psychometric

Question 20

stage where infant’s cognitive and behavioral schemes become more elaborate; ages 0-2 y/o

Answer 20

sensorimotor

Question 21

understanding that one event causes another

Answer 21

causality

Question 22

standardized test of an infant’s mental and motor development

Answer 22

bayley scales

Question 23

approach concerned with qualitative stages of cognitive development

Answer 23

piagetian

Question 24

a simple form of learning in which familiarity with a stimulus reduces, slows, or stops a response

Answer 24

habituation

Question 25

approach concerned with mental processes of learning and memory

Answer 25

information processing

Question 26

kids acquire language from inborn language acquisition device

Answer 26

nativist

Question 27

a child's characteristic biologically based on disposition or style of approaching and reacting to people and situations

Answer 27

temperament

Question 28

rests on internalization of societally approved standards

Answer 28

socialization

Question 29

subjective reactions to experience that are associated with physiological and behavioral changes

Answer 29

emotions

Question 30

first stage in erickson's 8-series crises, first 18 months of life. successful resolution results in the virtue of hope

Answer 30

trust vs. mistrust

Question 31

weariness of strange people and places, shown by some infants from age 6 to 12 months

Answer 31

stranger anxiety

Question 32

realization that one's existence and functioning are separate from those of other people and things

Answer 32

self-awareness

Question 33

our image of ourselves

Answer 33

self-concept

Question 34

sense of one's capability to master challenges and achieve goals

Answer 34

self-efficacy

Question 35

a child's independent control of behavior to conform to understood social expectations

Answer 35

self-regulation

Question 36

3 main patterns of attachment to parents have been found in this basis

Answer 36

strange situation

Question 37

the reciprocal, enduring tie between infant and caregiver, each of whom contribute to the quality of the relationship

Answer 37

attachment

Question 38

foundations of psychological development include this as part of early experiences with parents

Answer 38

affection

Question 39

the distress shown by an infant when a familiar caregiver leaves

Answer 39

separation anxiety

Question 40

second stage in erickson's 8-series crises, from about 18 months to 3 years. successful resolution results in the virtue of will.

Answer 40

autonomy vs. shame and doubt