test 3 (units 9-13)

Question 1

behaviors, interests, attitudes, skills, and traits that a culture considers appropriate for males or for females

Answer 1

gender roles

Question 2

Erikson’s fourth crisis of psychosocial development, in which children must learn the productive skills their culture requires or else face feelings of inferiority

Answer 2

industry v. inferiority

Question 3

Judgment a person makes about his or her self-worth

Answer 3

self-esteem

Question 4

a parenting style that emphasizes self-expression and self-regulation

Answer 4

permissive

Question 5

desire to play with others but feels insecure around children they don’t know

Answer 5

reticent play

Question 6

The second cognitive level of play, involves use of objects or materials to make something; also called object play

Answer 6

cognitive play

Question 7

the image a person has about their self

Answer 7

self-concept

Question 8

erickson’s 3rd crisis in which children must balance the urge to pursue goals with the moral reservations that may prevent carrying them out

Answer 8

initiative v. guilt

Question 9

a parenting style which emphasizes control and obedience

Answer 9

authoritarian

Question 10

aggression used as an instrument in achieving a goal

Answer 10

instrumental

Question 11

a parenting style that blends respect for a child’s individuality with an effort to instill social values

Answer 11

authoritative

Question 12

a behavior intended to help others without external reward

Answer 12

altruism

Question 13

aggressive behavior is intended to hurt another person

Answer 13

hostile

Question 14

form of coercive parenting in which physical force is used in an attempt to correct or control the child’s behavior

Answer 14

corporal punishment

Question 15

persistent and excessive worry that interferes with daily activities, can cause physical symptoms

Answer 15

anxiety disorder

Question 16

vigorous play involving wrestling, hitting, and chasing

Answer 16

rough and tumble play

Question 17

helps young children express what they’re feeling without putting it into words

Answer 17

art therapy

Question 18

participation in this has risen 50% since the early 1980s

Answer 18

organized sports

Question 19

extreme fear and/or avoidance of social situations, such as speaking in class or meeting an acquaintance on the street

Answer 19

social phobia

Question 20

illnesses that are occasional or short-term conditions

Answer 20

acute medical condition

Question 21

a chronic respiratory disease characterized by difficulty in breathing

Answer 21

asthma

Question 22

a good physical education program should emphasize this

Answer 22

skill mastery

Question 23

one of the most common diseases of childhood and is characterized by high levels of glucose in the blood as a result of defective insulin production, ineffective insulin action, or both

Answer 23

diabetes

Question 24

physical, developmental, behavioral, and/or emotional disturbances that require special health services

Answer 24

chronic medical condition

Question 25

referring to persistent, repetitive patterns of aggressive, antisocial acts

Answer 25

conduct disorder

Question 26

3rd stage of Piagetian development during which children develop mental operations to solve actual problems, but not abstract thinking

Answer 26

concrete operations

Question 27

the ability to order items along one or more dimensions

Answer 27

seriation

Question 28

a type of logical reasoning that moves from a general premise about a class to a conclusion about a particular member/s of the class

Answer 28

deductive reasoning

Question 29

strategy to aid memory, such as a rhyme or making a list

Answer 29

mnemonic device

Question 30

Sternberg's theory that intelligence consists of componential, experimental, and contextual elements

Answer 30

triarchic theory of intelligence

Question 31

developmental disorder with which reading achievement is substantially lower than predicted by IQ or age

Answer 31

dyslexia

Question 32

11 yrs old+, can think abstractly, deal with hypothetical situations, and think about possibilities

Answer 32

formal operations

Question 33

understanding the relationship between two objects by knowing the relationship of each to a third object

Answer 33

transitive inference

Question 34

piaget's term for a child mastering different types of conservation tasks at different ages

Answer 34

horizontal décalage

Question 35

Gardner's theory that there are 8 distinct forms of intelligence: naturalistic, visual-spatial, body-kinesthetic, interpersonal, logic, verbal-linguistic, musical-rhythmic, and intrapersonal

Answer 35

theory of multiple intelligences

Question 36

the process of phonetic analysis by which a printed word is converted to spoken form before retrieval from long term memory

Answer 36

decoding

Question 37

stage of development where children are focused on appearances and have difficulty with abstract concepts

Answer 37

preoperational

Question 38

a type of logical reasoning that moves from particular observations about members of a class to a general conclusion about that class

Answer 38

inductive reasoning

Question 39

the understanding of the processes of memory

Answer 39

metamemory

Question 40

attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Answer 40

ADHD

Question 41

approach to teaching reading that emphasizes visual retrieval and use of contextual cues

Answer 41

whole-language approach

Question 42

broad, inclusive self-concepts that integrate various aspects of the self

Answer 42

representational systems

Question 43

erikson's fourth stage of psychosocial development focuses on

Answer 43

industry v. inferiority

Question 44

unfavorable attitudes toward "outsiders", especially members of certain racial or ethnic groups

Answer 44

prejudice

Question 45

child psychoanalyst known for his theory on 8 stages of psychosocial development

Answer 45

erikson

Question 46

aggression aimed at achieving an objective

Answer 46

instrumental aggression

Question 47

control or maintain

Answer 47

regulation

Question 48

the transitional stage in the control of behavior in which parents exercise general supervision and children exercise moment-to-moment self-regulation

Answer 48

coregulation

Question 49

action intended to hurt another person

Answer 49

hostile aggression

Question 50

emotional self-regulation involves ______ control of emotions, attention, and behavior

Answer 50

effortful

Question 50

a view of the self as able to master skills and complete tasks

Answer 50

competence

Question 51

the tendency for individuals to perceive others as trying to hurt them and to strike out in retaliation or self-defense

Answer 51

hostile attribution bias

Question 52

erikson’s third stage in psychosocial development, in which children balance the urge to pursue goals with reservations about doing so

Answer 52

initiative v. guilt

Question 53

what aggression becomes when it is deliberately, persistently directed against a particular target: a victim

Answer 53

bullying