test 2 vocab Flashcards
(104 cards)
1
Q
instrumental
A
use of language to obtain what you need or desire
2
Q
regulatory
A
use of language to control or regulate the behaviors of others
3
Q
informative
A
use of language to communicate information or report facts
4
Q
heuristic
A
use of language to acquire knowledge and understanding
5
Q
interactional
A
use of language to establish and define social relationships
6
Q
personal language
A
use of language to express individuality and personality
7
Q
imaginative
A
use of language to express oneself artistically or creatively
8
Q
grammar
A
structural rules that govern the generation of meaning in a language
9
Q
phonology
A
the study of the sounds that compose individual languages and how those sounds communicate meaning
10
Q
syntax
A
the rules that govern word order
11
Q
semantics
A
the study of meaning
12
Q
denotative meaning
A
dictionary definition of a word
13
Q
connotative meaning
A
the affective or interpretive meanings attached to a word
14
Q
pragmatics
A
field of study that emphasizes how language is used in specific situations to accomplish goals
15
Q
speech act theory
A
branch of pragmatics that suggests that when people communicate they do not just say things, they also do things with their words
16
Q
dialect
A
a variation of language distinguised by its vocabulary grammar and pronunciation
17
Q
lexical choice
A
vocabulary
18
Q
cohort effect
A
the influence of shared characteristics of a group that was born and reared in the same general period
19
Q
aave
A
version of english that has its roots in west african caribbean and US slave languages
20
Q
code swtiching
A
the practice of changing lanugage or dialect to accomodate to the communication of a situation
21
Q
jargon
A
the specalized terms that develop in many professions
22
Q
nominalists
A
those who argue that any idea can be expressed in any language and that the structure and vocabulary of the language do not influence the speakers perception of the world
23
Q
relativists
A
those who argue that language serves not only as a way for us to voice our ideas but is itself the shaper of ideas, the guide for the individuals mental activity
24
Q
sapir-whorf hypothesis
A
idea that the language people speak determines the way they see the world
25
cocultural theory
explores the role of power in daily interactions
26
androcentrism
the use of male experience as normative for humanity and female experience as emphasizing gender difference
27
hate speech
use of verbal communication to attack others based upon some social category
28
disconfirming communication
comments that reject or invalidate a positive or negative self-image of our conversational partners
29
confirming communication
comments that validate positive self images of others
30
nonverbal behavior
all the nonverbal actions people perform
31
nonverbal communication
the sending and receiving of information through appearance objects the environment and behavior
32
nonverbal codes
distinct organized means of expression that consists of symbols and rules for their use
33
kinesics
nonverbal communication sent by the body, including gestures posture movement facial expressions and eye behavior
34
gestures
nonverbal communication made with part of the body including actions like pointing waving or holding up a hand to direct peoples attention
35
illustrators
signals that accompany speech to clarify or emphasize the verbal message
36
emblems
gestures that stand for a specific verbal meaning
37
adaptors
gestures used to manage emotions
38
regulators
gestures to control conversation
39
posture and movement
kinesics behaviors that communicate messages by how immediate or relaxed they are
40
immediacy
how close or involved people appear to be with each other
41
paralinguistics
all aspects of spoken lanugage except for the words themselves includes rate volume pitch and stress
42
voice qualities
qualities such as pitch rythym vocal range and articulation that make up the music of the human voice
43
vocalizations
uttered sounds that do not have the sturucture of language
44
chronemics
the study of the way peple use time as a message
45
proxemics
the study of how people use spatial cues including interpersonal distance territoriality and other space relationships to communicate
46
monochronically
engaging in one task or behavior at a time
47
polychronically
engaging in multiple activities simultaneously
48
intimate distance
zero to 18 inches, interacting with people who we are close with
49
personal distance 18in-4ft
the space used when interacting with friends and acquantences
50
social distance
4-12 ft the distance were at with unfamiliar others
51
public distance
12-25 feet the distance used for public ceremonies such as lectures and performances
52
haptics
the study of the communicative function of touch
53
professional touch
type of touch used by certain workers such as dentists hairstylists and hospice workers as part of their livelihood also known as functional touch
54
social polite touch
touch thats part of daily interaction in the US, more intimate than professional touch but is still impersonal
55
friendship touch
touch that is more intimate than social polite touch and usually conveys warmth closeness and caring
56
love-intimate touch
the touch most often used with one's romantic partners and family
57
demand touching
type of touch used to establish dominance and power
58
artifacts
physical objects including cars clothing and other material items
59
communicating information
using nonverbal behavoirs to help clarify verbal messages and reveal attitudes and motivation
60
regulating interaction
using nonverbal behaviors to help manage conversational interaction
61
expressing and managing intimacy
using nonverbal behaviors to help convey attraction and closeness
62
establishing social control
using nonverbal communication to exercise influence over people
63
service-task functions
using nonverbal behavior to signal close involvement between people in impersonal relationships and contexts
64
congruent
verbal and nonverbal messages that express the same meaning
65
contradicting
verbal and nonverbal messages that send conflicting messages
66
listening
the process of receiving constructing meaning from and responding to spoken and/or nonverbal messages
67
hearing
the stage when listeners pick up the sound waves directed toward them
68
understanding
interpreting the message associated with sounds or what the sounds mean
69
evaluting
assessing your reaction to a message
70
responding
showing others how you regard their message
71
listening style
a set of attitudes beliefs and predispositions about how where when who and what the information receiving and encoding process
72
action oriented listening style
listening style that reflects a preference for error free and well organized speaking
73
informational listening
listening skills that are useful in situations requiring attention to content
74
content oriented listening style
a listening style that reflects an interest in detailed and complex information simply for the content itself
75
critical listening
listening skills that are useful in a wide variety of situations-particularly those involving persuasive speaking
76
people-oriented listening style
a listening style that is associate with friendly open communication and interest in establishing ties with others
77
supportive listening
listening skills focused not only on understanding information but also listening to others feelings
78
time-oriented listening style
a listening style that prefers breif concise speech
79
soundscape
the everyday sounds in our environments
80
diaspora
the movement migration or scattering of a people away from an established or ancestral homeland
81
peacebuilding
working toward stability in a region to prevent conflicts from escalating into war
82
intercultural communication
communication that occurs in interactions between people who are culturally different
83
culture
learned patterns of perceptions values and behaviors shared by a group of people
84
heterogeneous
diverse
85
border dwellers
people who live between cultures and often experience contradictory cultural patters
86
culture shock
a feeling of disorientation and discomfort as a result of the lack of familiar environmental cues
87
reverse culture shock/re-entry shock
culture shock experienced by travelers on returning to their home country
88
cultural values
beliefs that are so central to a cultural group that they are never questioned
89
individualistic orientation
a value orientation that respects the autonomy and independence of individuals
90
collectivistic orientation
a value orientation that stresses the needs of the group
91
preferred personality
a value orientation that expresses whether it is more important for a person to do or to be
92
view of human nature
a value orientation that expresses whether humans are fundamentaly good evil or a mixture
93
human nature value orientation
the perceived relationship between humans and nature
94
human nature value orientation
the perceived relationship between humans and nature
95
power distance
value orientation that refers to the extent to which less powerful members of institutions and organizations within a culture expect and accept an unequal distribution of power
96
long term vs. short term orientation
the dimension of a society's value orientation that reflects its attitude toward virtue or truth
97
long term orientation
a value orientation in which people stress the importance of virtue
98
indulgence versus restraint orientation
a value orientation that reflects a subjective feeling of happiness. The indulgence orientation emphasizes relatively free gratification of basic and natural human drives related to enjoying life and having fun. Restraint emphasizes suppressing gratification of needs and regulates it by means of strict social norms
99
dialectical approach
recognizes that things need not be perceived as either or but may be seen as both/and
100
dichotomous thinking
thinking in which things are perceived as either or for example good or bad, big or small, right or wrong
101
cocultural group
a significant minority group within a dominant majority that does not share dominant group values or communications patterns
102
ethnocentrism
the tendency to view ones own group as the standard against which all other groups are judged
103
encapuslated marginal people
people who feel disintegrated by having to shift cultures
104
constructive marginal people
people who thrive in a border dweller life while recognizing its tremendous challenges
