Test 2:Vocab ch.22+23 Flashcards
(20 cards)
Natural selection:
- What’s the definition?
- What’s an example?
- A process in which individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals because of those traits.
- Galapagos finches various beaks and behaviors are adapted to the specific foods available on their home islands.
Vestigial structures:
- What’s is the definition?
- What’s an example?
- A feature of an organism that is a historical remnant of a structure that served a function in the organism’s ancestors.
- Skeleton of some snakes that retain vestiges of the pelvis and leg bones of walking ancestors.
Evolution:
- what’s the definition?
- what’s an example?
- descent with modification, the idea that living species are descendants of ancestral species that were different from the present day ones.
* change in genetic composition of a population from generation to generation. - Camouflage in insects called mantids have diverse shapes and colors that evolved in different environments.
Endemic:
- what’s the definition?
- what’s an example?
- referring to a species that is confined to a specific geographic area.
- Islands because they contain many species of plants and animals that aren’t found anywhere else in the world.
* gartner snakes? Because they live in same geographic area but one on land and other on water.
Biogeography:
- what’s the definition?
- what’s an example?
- The study of the past and present geographic distribution of species
- Continental drift is a factor in biogeography because it slowly moved earths continents over time that later formed a Pangea.
Artificial selection:
- what’s the definition?
- what’s an example?
- the selective breeding of domesticated plants and animals to encourage the occurrence of desirable traits.
- wild mustard that can be manipulated by selecting variations in different parts of the plant to produce other vegetables like kale,Brussels sprouts,cabbage,broccoli,and kohlrabi
Adaptation:
- what’s the definition?
- what’s an example?
- inherited characteristic of an organism that enhances its survival and reproduction in a specific environment.
- Galagos finches whose various beaks and behaviors adapted to specific foods available on their home islands.
Balancing Selection:
- what’s the definition?
- what’s an example?
1.natural selection that maintains two or more phenotypic forms in a population.
2.
Bottleneck Effect:
- what’s the definition?
- what’s an example?
- Genetic drift that occurs when the size of a population is reduced, as by a natural disaster or human actions.typically, the surviving population is no longer genetically representative of the original population.
- Prairie chickens that were converted to farmland and other uses eventually plummeted in Illinois and the surviving chickens had low levels of genetic variation.
Cline:
- What’s the definition?
- what’s an example?
- A graded change in a character along a geographic axis.
- Mummichog fish which have an allele that codes for an enzyme that allows fish to swim faster in cold water, and these fish decrease from Maine to Georgia due to a cline by temperature.
Founder Effect:
- what’s the definition?
- what’s an example?
- genetic drift that occurs when a few individuals become isolated from a larger population and form a new population whose gene pool composition is not reflective of that of the original population.
- British colonists of tristan da Cunha carried a recessive allele that cause blindness (group of small islands in the Atlantic Ocean midway between Africa and South America) and this island has descendants with this allele higher than the populations from which the colonists came.
Frequency Dependent Selection:
- what’s the definition?
- what’s an example?
- Selection in which the fitness of a phenotype depends on how common the phenotype is in a population.
- perissodus microlepis of Africa that are fish that attack other fish fro behind, darting in to remove a few scales from the flank of their prey. The right mouthed ones are dominant rather than left mouthed and selection favors whichever mouth phenotype is least common.
Gene Pool:
- what’s the definition?
- what’s an example?
1.the stock of different genes in an interbreeding population.
2.
genetic drift:
- what’s the definition?
- what’s an example?
1.a process in which chance events cause unpredictable fluctuations in allele frequencies from one generation to the next.
2.
heterozygote advantage:
- what’s the definition?
- what’s an example?
1.greater reproductive success of heterozygous individuals compared with homozygotes; tends to preserve variation in a gene pool.
2.
microevolution:
- what’s the definition?
- what’s an example?
1.change in the allele frequencies in a population over generations.
2.
mutation:
- what’s the definition?
- what’s an example?
1.a change in the nucleotide sequence of a organisms DNA or in the DNA or RNA of a virus.
2.
population:
- what’s the definition?
- what’s an example?
1.a group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area and interbreed, producing fertile offspring.
2.
quantitative characters:
- what’s the definition?
- what’s an example?
1.
2.
relative fitness:
- what’s the definition?
- what’s an example?
1.the contribution an individual makes to the gene pool of the next generation, relative to the contributions of other individuals in the population.
2.
