Test 3 Flashcards
(79 cards)
1
Q
Who dies at a younger age?
A
Males
2
Q
What ages are men most likely to die?
A
Adolescence and young adulthood
3
Q
Who has the higher ratio at birth?
A
Males
4
Q
Who lives longer in the US?
A
Women by 5 years on average
5
Q
Why is the sex gap narrowing?
A
Decrease heart disease and cancer mortality
6
Q
What is the leading cause of death?
A
Coronary heart disease, cancer, and chronic lower respiratory disease
7
Q
What do the leading causes of death have in common?
A
All depend on lifestyle and behavioral factors
8
Q
What disease has a higher mortality rate for women?
A
Alzheimer’s Disease
9
Q
Which gender is more likely to be a victim of homicide?
A
Men
10
Q
What are artifacts?
A
Methodological variables that might lead to the appearance of sex difference even when differences do not exist
11
Q
What are the two main artifacts in health?
A
Socioeconomic Status and Physician Bias
12
Q
Who believes in preventive health care more?
A
Women
13
Q
What are examples of preventive health care?
A
Healthy eating, regular check-ups, following medicine instructions
14
Q
Who smokes more?
A
Men
15
Q
Which gender does stop smoking programs work on more?
A
Men
16
Q
Who has a higher blood-alcohol level?
A
Women
17
Q
Who drinks more?
A
Men after 25
18
Q
Who binge drinks more?
A
Men
19
Q
Who seeks treatment for drugs more?
A
Men
20
Q
Who uses more drugs?
A
Men
21
Q
Who uses more pain-relieving meds?
A
Women
22
Q
Who uses Mary Jane more?
A
Men
23
Q
Who has android obesity more?
A
Men
24
Q
What is android obesity?
A
Belly Fat
25
Who has more gynoid obesity?
Women
26
What is gynoid obesity?
Fat around the hips
27
Who meets the aerobic guidelines more?
Men
28
Who engages more in individual sports?
Women
29
Who engages more in team sports?
Men
30
Whose jobs have the worst health risks?
Men; fix stuff and hazardous
31
Who has worse driving skills?
Men; more risky behavior
32
Who wears a seatbelt more?
Females
33
What is the sick role hypothesis?
Sex differences in medical care utilization are due to women's greater tendency to adopt the sick role
34
What is a sick role?
Labeling symptoms as illness and responding to it
35
What is the nurturant role hypothesis?
Women's roles require them to attend to the needs of others, and taking care others interferes with taking care of oneself
36
What is the best predictor of psychological well-being?
Agency
37
What is an unmitigated agency?
Reluctant to seek help, difficulties with emotional expression, and feelings of invulnerability
38
What is unmitigated communion?
Greater psychological distress, interpersonal stress, overly involved in taking care of others
39
Who has more intensive support networks?
Women; functional
40
Who has more extensive support networks?
Men; structural
41
What is a main effect?
Directly linked to a psychological state
42
What is a buffering effect?
Buffering against the negative effects of stressors
43
What is interpersonal protection theory?
Differences in social support across the marital statuses
44
What is the effect of widowhood on men?
Negative; greater loss of support, no outreach
45
What is the Gender Tension Line?
Point which people feel uncomfortable with further change
46
What is intimate terrorism?
Rooted in control, repetition of violence use of control, emotional abuse, minimizing
47
What is violent resistance?
Violent efforts on the part of the victim to resist control
48
What is situational couple violence?
Occasional episodes of violent behavior precipitated by stressful events
49
What was the marital exemption clause?
The forcible penetration of the body of a women, not the wife of the perpetrator
50
What are some challenges in measuring the frequency of rape or sexual coercion?
Underreported, vague definitions, some don't consider anal or oral sex rape
51
What is the differential exposure hypothesis?
differences in the kinds of roles women and men possess explain sex differences in health
52
What is the differential vulnerability hypothesis?
Roles have different effects on health for women and men
53
Who is associated with better health because of paid jobs?
Males
54
What is the role scarcity hypothesis?
Multiple roles have a negative effect on health because time and resources are scarce and limited
55
What is the role expansion hypothesis?
Benefits are to be gained from having diverse roles
56
What is access discrimination?
Situation in which an individual is not offered a given job or is offered a lesser job because of some defining characteristic
57
What is treatment discrimination?
Situation in which an individual receives a reduced salary or reduced opportunities for promotion compared to other individuals having the same job
58
What is the glass ceiling?
Label applied to barriers to the advancement of women and minorities in organizations
59
What is denial of disadvantages?
Condition in which women perceive that discrimination exists but deny that they personally are victims of it
60
What is a quid pro quo?
One person offers work benefits or threatens work repercussions in exchange for sexual favors
61
What is hostile environment sxual harassment?
Person is faced with a hostile, intimidating owrk environment
62
What are the three levels of sexual harassment?
1. Gender Harassment
2. Unwanted sexual attention
3. Sexual coercion
63
What are the effects of sexual harassment on job performance?
Negative job outcomes, increased psychological distress, poorer physical health
64
What is sex-role spillover theory?
Expectations about women's and men's roles carry over to the workplace when they are not appropriate or relevant
65
What artifacts are there to depression?
Clinician bias, response bias, and manifestations
66
What is clinician bias?
Interpret depression symptoms more in women, prescribe heart disease in males more instead
67
What is response bias?
Men are less likely to report depression since it's inconsistent with gender roles
68
How is distress defined for women?
Guilt, body dissatisfaction, feelings of failure
69
How is distress defined for men?
Unfriendly, turn to alcohol
70
What is differential item functioning?
Some items are more likely to be associated with a trait among men versus women
71
What is learned helplessness?
sense of giving up because women perceive that nothing can be done to alter the situation
72
Who uses tend and befriend?
Women
73
Who uses fight or flight?
Men
74
What is the role of unmitigated communion in depression?
External focus, self-neglect and overinvolvement in others' problems
75
What is gender intensification?
Gender roles and their associated norms become salient to females and males
76
Who has more negative body images?
Teenage and adult females
77
Who wants to gain weight and muscle more?
Men
78
Who wants to lose weight more?
Women
79
What is body objectification?
Social and cultural forces that sexually objectify women, which lead women to continually monitor their bodies and evaluate themselves based on their appearances
