Test 3 Flashcards
(108 cards)
1
Q
Envelope, capsid, and nuclear core are 3 basic components of what?
A
Virus
2
Q
Louis Pastuer disproved
A
spontaneous generation
3
Q
Which one of the following protein protects bacteria from host phagocytotic cells
A
capsule
4
Q
Which feature differentiates prokaryotes from other microrganisms
A
lack of cell organelles
5
Q
Which of the following is not a component of a virus
A
mitochondria
6
Q
who discovered the vaccine
A
Louise Pasteur
7
Q
infections can be carried from one host to another was discovered by who
A
Robert Koch
8
Q
what is most common feature about prokaryotes
A
no true nucleus, no membrane, unique cell wall
9
Q
what is most common feature of eukaryotes
A
true membrane, contains organelles
10
Q
what is either a prokaryote or eukaryote, can contain either DNA or RNA
A
Viruses
11
Q
what species lacks chlorophyll and is usually non motile
A
Fungi
12
Q
what is unique about fungal membrane
A
contains ergosterol, which is similar to cholesterol
13
Q
reproduce by spores, asexual or sexual, they are dimorphic can live in both spore and filamentous form
A
fungi
14
Q
oral yeast like fungus, found in elderly people
A
Candida albicans
15
Q
what does candida albicans cause in the oral cavity
A
denture induced stomatitis
16
Q
what kind of bacteria has a thick proteoglycan layer
A
gram positive
17
Q
what kind of bacteria has a thin layer proteoglycan but has a large lipopolysaccharide layer (LPS)
A
gram negative
18
Q
LPS plays a major role in
A
periodontal ligament, periodontitis, produces cytokines, which cause cell destruction
19
Q
bacteria that can withstand cold temperatures
A
psychrophiles
20
Q
bacteria that can withstand hot temps
A
thermophiles
21
Q
mesophiles
A
live in moderate temp found in human body
22
Q
generation time is
A
the time for bacteria to become double the amount of the original
23
Q
consists of streptococcus, actinmyces – mostly gram positive
A
plaque
24
Q
periodontitis is mostly caused by what bacteria
A
gram negative
25
term to indicate a relative degree of pathogenicity, ability of a microorganism to cause infection
virulence
26
lysozyme , lactoperoxidase
-Properdin, cytokines, defersins
-WBC’s (neutrophils, monocyte, macrophage)
are examples of what
non specific defense
27
antibodies, and T cells are what
specific agents of defense
28
living organisms arise from preexisting living cells is called
biogenesis
29
multicellular form of fungi or mold is called
mycelium
30
what do fungi produce to decompose organic material
exo enzymes
31
fungi store their food as
glycogen
32
what usually contains Sarcodina (pseudopods, Mastigophora (flagellate) Cilliate (cilia) Sporozoa
Protozoans
33
what are some characteristics and examples of protozoan diseases
found in tropical areas, can cause dihorrea, absesses, amebiasis and malaria
34
N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) N-acetymuramic acid (NAM), Unique to bacteria, containing Sugars, hard to break down, what kind of bacteria
gram positive
35
More complex, both structurally and chemically is what type of bacteria
gram negative
36
These organisms do not stain with Gram stain. Outer cell wall layers of these bacteria contains
unusual glycolipids besides peptidoglycan layer
Acid fast bacteria
37
consisting of a capsule, cell wall and plasma membrane is called what in bacteria
cell envelope
38
use carbon dioxide as a sole source of carbon for growth
Autotroph
39
obtain their carbon and energy for growth from organic compounds in nature
heterotroph
40
organisms which grow either in the presence or absence of O2 are called
facilitated anaerobes
41
those which are inhibited or killed by O2, and whichgrow only in its absence, are called
obligate anaerobes
42
Organisms that require O2 for growth are called
aerobes
43
Bacterial growth shows what four phases
lag phase, exponential phase, stationary phase, and phase of decline
44
what means an association between two organisms that live together
symbiosis
45
A mutually-beneficial association between two organisms (both organisms benefit from each others association).
mutualism
46
An association between two organisms wherein one organism may benefit but neither is harmed.
commensalism
47
A relationship between two organisms in which one organism lives at the expense of the other and may cause damage or harm to it.
parasitism
48
Intact lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of Gram-negative can mediate what in order to evade host defenses
mediate lysosome activity
49
what is another source of protection for bacteria that allows them to even be protected by phagocytosis
Capsule or encapsulated
50
what is usually spread via insects or the water supply, disease from what microbe?
protozoans
51
who was the first person to use a microscope to look at microorganisms and describe their morphology
antonie van leeuwenhoek
52
what are the three shapes to bacteria?
rods, spheres, spirals
53
what is it called when Living organisms can arise from non-living matter.
spontaneous generation
54
who was the first to disprove spontaneous generation, who was the second
francisco redi, Louise pasteur
55
what is the biggest thing Pasteur proved
germ theory of disease
56
germ theory of disease means
most infectious diseases are caused by germs(viruses, bacteria)
57
what is the term used to describe fungi living in a filamentous and yeast/spore form
dimorphic
58
the term what refers to fungi that feed on dead plant or animal tissue for a source of nutrition and metabolic energy
saprophyte
59
malaria is what type of species
protozoan
60
what are three bacterial structural components
appendages (cillia/flagella), cell envelope(capsule, membrane), cytoplasmic region (contain DNA)
61
which of the following are not host cell receptor sites for bacteria Carbohydrates, Glycoproteins Protein molecules
they all are host cell receptors
62
which of the following is not a way which bacterial pathogens overcome host immunity, tolerance, molecular mimicry, antigenic disguise or immunosurprssion
they all are ways to overcome host immunity
63
what is the most chronic childhood disease
dental caries
64
Which teeth are not included in DMF? what numbers are they
3rd Molars, 1,16,17,32
65
```
which of the following tests are not well correlated to caries activity
A. Laser Test
B. saliva acid-buffering capacity test
C. snyder test
D. Salivary flow test
```
B
66
which of the following statements is not true concerning caries activity tests
A. all caries activity tests have limitations
B. can aid the clinician in making decisions concerning the need for control measures
C. in the salivary viscosity test, increased viscosity makes one less succeptable to caries
D. the dental plaque test is not well correlated with caries activity
C
67
```
All of the following test are commonly used/and or was once commonly used to determine caries activity except?
A. Lactobacillus Count
B. Synder Test
C. Salivary flow test
D. Saliva acid buffering capacity test
```
A
68
An infectious disease resulting in destruction of tooth structure by acid forming bacteria found in dental plaque in the presence of sugar is what
dental caries
69
The infection results in loss of tooth minerals that begins on the outer surface of the tooth and can progress through the dentin to the pulp True or false of dental caries
True
70
Theavailabilityofsimplecarbohydrates,suchas sucrose, greatly stimulates
plaque metabolism
71
what are the four primary factors of caries
Host, microbial flora, substrate and time
72
what is an example of host factors
teeth
73
what is an example of microbial flora factors
lactobacillus and strep mutans
74
what is an example of substrate factors
diet, carbohydrates, sucrose
75
if pH rises the pH becomes more what? if the pH lowers the pH becomes what?
basic, acidic
76
Remineralization of the damaged tooth occurs as the local pH rises above
5.5
77
what is nature’s primary defense system for the oral environment,
saliva
78
the body’s external protection for enamel comes from
saliva
79
The pH of saliva from a healthy human is between
6.5-7.4
80
All of the following are ?
• Neutralizing acid challenges
• Flushing food and bacteria from the oral cavity
• Acting as a lubricant
• Forming pellicle on the tooth surface
• Delivering calcium, phosphate and fluoride to the tooth surface
how saliva protects teeth
81
```
All of the following are
• Reduced clearance of bacteria and food from the mouth
• Reduced buffering of acid challenges
• Diminished remineralizing potential
• The oral cavity becomes more acidic
```
what happens when saliva stops protecting teeth
82
DMF (uppercase) applies to? dmf (lower case) applies to
permanent dentition, primary dentition
83
what surfaces have highest prevalence of dental caries
pit and fissure
84
what is the lease prevalent surface for dental caries
root caries
85
what surface has a moderate level of dental caries
smooth surface, interproximal
86
root caries are predominately seen in what population
elderly people
87
what is the main bacterial component for root surface caries
actinomyces
88
Have less well-defined margins, tend to be U- shaped in cross-section, and progress more rapidly because of lack of protection from an enamel covering is what type of caries
root caries
89
Red zone bacteria are what gram family? and what disease do they cause?
negative, periodontal disease
90
Currently no single caries activity test can predict caries with a high degree of confidence True or false
True
91
caries activity test have limitations True or false
True
92
caries activity tests are useful...
adjuncts to clinical examination and X-rays
93
which activities test is least used
lactose bacillus count
94
which activity test was once the most used, deals with color change and measures bacteria's acid production
snyder test
95
a complete color change from green to yellow in the snyder test refers to what
high succeptiblity to dental caries
96
no color change in the snyder test refers to what
little or no succeptibility to dental caries
97
what is a commonly used activity test that deals with the decrease of salvitory flow leading to dental caries
salvitory flow test
98
what is the premise to the viscosity activity test
an increase in viscosity make someone more susceptible to caries
99
Sticky frothy saliva residues, Frothy bubbly saliva has what type of viscosity
increases viscosity
100
normal viscosity has what type of saliva
watery clear saliva
101
Commonly used test but it is not well correlated to caries activity, the pH of the saliva is measured in what acitivity test
saliva acid-buffering capacity
102
what is the premise of saliva-buffering capacity
more acidic saliva increases succeptibility to caries
103
Proven to be over 90% accurate
Laser detection of caries
104
Lasers can identify what predominant caries
pit and fissure
105
Premise– Carbohydrates produce a lower pH and produce it longer in caries-susceptible individuals.
Not well correlated to caries activity
Dental plaque test
106
adequate saliva is necessary for what
remineralization
107
What happens when saliva stops protecting your teeth in regards to mineralization
diminished remineralization potential
108
acidic environment in oral cavity causes what to the teeth
demineralization
