Test 3 Flashcards
(48 cards)
what are most enzymes
proteins
does a lower or higher activation barrier allow the system to come to equilibrium faster
lower
what are pros to enzymes
function at low temps
fast (order of milliseconds)
occurs in H2O
Few side products
higher yields
what is what slows down a reaction
the activation barrier
what causes an alternate pathway
enzyme
delta G
final - initial
what does a negative delta G mean
spontaneous
what are cofactors
molecules that the enzymes need help from, not an amino acid residue but involved in function of enzyme, ions
what is a coenzyme
not an ion, but some small organic molecule involved in enzyme function
acid
donates protons
base
accepts protons
covalent bonds in enzymes
temporary covalent bonds provide an alternative, lower energy reaction pathway
non covalent interactions in enzymes
form an ES complex: weak interactions between enzymes and substrate stabilize the transition state (binding energy)
when does the ES complex form
when substrate binds active site
Enzyme substrate complex equation
S+E –> ES –> E+P
is the enzyme substrate complex permanent
no it is is temporary held together by non covalent bonds
what does lower substrate entropy mean
holds it steady (substrate), more ordered so they can react
substrate desolvation
removes water from around substrate which males available all functional groups of molecule
what does induced fit mean
enzyme active sites are complementary to transition states
what shape does the enzyme need to be
shape that the transition needs to be
bends when at ideal amount where it cant bend anymore
what does the inhibotor look like
inhibitor looks similar to transition state but stops it from occuring
typical enzyme enhancement
10^5 to 10^17 x
what can you reduce for a reaction to happen faster
reduce entripy
what is the rate of reation a function of
function of substrate concentration
