Test 3 Flashcards

Question

Bela Bartok

Answer 1

Studied at Royal Academy of Budapest and became an excellent pianist Became interested in Folk Music of Hungary. He and Kodaly set out to annotate and record peasant folk music. Was a leading ethnomusicologist who annotated many folk songs from around the world

Answer 2

In the 1930's, he was distraught with political scene and Hungary's alliance with Germany. He left in 1940, giving up economic security and fame. He was unknown, unhappy, and broke in the United States.

Answer 3

Received an appointment at Columbia U to do folklore research. Also toured with wife as a piano duo. Contracted Leukemia, thought his career was over

Answer 4

Friends arranged for some commissions, first of which came from Koussevitzy and Boston Sym. for Concerto for Orchestra Died in poverty and obscurity, famous world-wide after.

Answer 5

Built on folk music. 16th, dotted 8th rhythm with an accent on the first note. Battle of pairs! Parallel interval chords!

Answer 6

Asymmetric. Spirit of Middle Eastern folk music Polytonality I, II, III, IV, V Arch

Answer 7

Used modes, pentatonic scales. Freed him from major and minor. Equal to Beethoven string quartets and writing. Polytonality and superimposing chords. Rhythmic and percussive.

Answer 8

Music uses tonal center, not key. Chromatic. Master of form. Many contrapuntal works. ABCDCBA Fibonacci sequence

Answer 9

Violist and Conductor, as well as composer Had his own philosophy of music education and sought to make musicians more versatile and more broadly trained. Proponent of Gebrauchsmusik.

Answer 10

Came to America shortly before WWII because of political scene. His music was banned in Germany Taught at Yale Influenced and taught many American composers while here

Answer 11

Master of counterpoint. Loved winds, especially. Music built around intervals of 4 or 5. Believer in tonality, rejected Schoenburg school.

Answer 12

Harmony has a strong tonal center but is freely tonal. Use of Baroque-like rhythms. Traditional forms: Sonata, fugue, chaccone Wrote a sonata for nearly every instrument

Answer 13

Durey, Taillefeire, Auric, Millhaud, Honeggar, Poulenc

Answer 14

Durey, Taillefeire, Auric, Millhaud, Honeggar, Poulenc

Answer 15

Came to US during war. Music uses simple melodies and polytonality. Very prolific. Creation of the World (!) influenced by Jazz. A ballet depicting creation according to African American Legends

Answer 16

TRAIN. Music influenced by romanticism, more popular with public. Music faded in later tears. Concertino for Piano and Orchestra also influenced by jazz

Answer 17

Music very rhythmic and harmonically imaginative. Fond of winds and piano

Answer 18

Revolution of 1917 brought communist doctrine of socialist realism. Music must be composed for consumption by the masses. Government decides framework within which the artists works

Answer 19

Music was to have much emotion and imagery emphasis of art and social significance rather than individual expression Nevertheless, a few soviet composers gained international fame despite limitations and have written 1st rate works

Answer 20

Prokofiev and Schostakovich embodied the neoclassical style of writing, which was more music for music's sake with emphasis on form, not emotion Severely criticized for these tendencies by the government After Stalin era, government relaxed its harsh view.

Answer 21

Attended St. Petersburg conservatory at 10 years old Gained recognition as pianist and composer. Came to America in 1918, praised his playing but hated his compositions.

Answer 22

Went to Paris to try and find success After 10 years, wanted to go back to Russia Became leading Soviet composer, lived comfortably. Criticism came in 1948 from government, was upset and wrote 7th Symphony. Satisfied the state, was also successful abroad. Died in 1953.

Answer 23

Neoclassical style contrasted with Russian romanticism of Rachmaninov. Humor in his music, dissonance, etc. Later in life wanted to return to romanticism and emotion in his music. Probably why he returned to Russia, knew he would have support Love of 3 Oranges - commission

Answer 24

Born in St. Petersburg and raised during Revolution Childhood was filled with poverty and illness. Wrote 1st symphony at 19, made an impact on world scene

Answer 25

Opera Lady Macbeth gained his international fame. Soviet government criticized the opera. He wrote his 5th symphony and regained praise of government. In the score, "a creative reply to just criticism"

Answer 26

During WWII, wrote 7th symphony. Leningrad. Inspired by Battle of Leningrad with Germans, great success throughout the world Died in 1976.

Answer 27

Primarily a symphonist. Considered foremost symphonist of 20th century. Orchestration = transparent. Adept at melody and counterpoint (neoclassical) Humor and mockery Chromatic harmonies

Answer 28

Schoenburg wanted to write atonal music but needed a way of organizing and unifying it Stressed that the method did not change a composers style of writing, only the pitch content

Answer 29

12 notes equally important. Tone row, set, or series of 12 notes in a particular order Melody, harmony would use this set Set could be inverted, retrograde, or retro-inv Idea was used to a smaller extent by Bach

Answer 30

The two different schools of writing

Answer 31

Most music of the 20th century emanates from these two Both sought to be freed of the influence of 19th century tonal influences Both returned to thematic approach, which impressionists abandoned. & traditional forms.

Answer 32

Whose music was devoid of emotion? (Neoclassical)

Answer 33

Remained tied to the German romantic tradition of emotional, expressive music. Atonal

Answer 34

Criticized the 12 tone method

Answer 35

Who turned to serialism at the end of their career?

Answer 36

Born Vienna, had little formal training in music. Became active as a teacher in Vienna and gathered several disciples (Berg, Webern)

Answer 37

Public met his work with hostility as he ventured further from tonality. He composed nothing from 1915 to 1923 because he was formulating the 12 tone method

Answer 38

Creator of the 12 tone method

Answer 39

Taught in Germany until 1933, then came to the US and taught at USC and UCLA

Answer 40

Born in Vienna, studied composition with Schoenberg. Opera Wozzeck gained him international recognition (expressionist)

Answer 41

Active teacher! As Hitler came to power, his works were banned. He did not move to the US like Schoenberg, though. Died at 50.

Answer 42

Was the most accessible music to the public, less abrasive. Was lyrical, romantic, and incorporated a degree of tonality. Liked traditional form Fine orchestrator

Answer 43

Born in Vienna, studied with Schoenberg Conductor, then concentrated soley on composing the teaching. Nazi's banned his music. Resided in Austria during WWII, was shot by American soldier 5 months after the war had ended. Curfew violation.

Answer 44

Least linked with tradition, was the most atonal. Never used repetition in his music. Brevity is the keyword in his music, economy of means. Longest work is about 10 minutes.

Answer 45

Each tone, each chord has utmost expressive value. Orchestration = transparent. Uses unusual combinations of instruments.

Answer 46

Pointillism and Schoenberg's concept of Klangfarbenmelodie (sound colors) is important! Breaking up the melody into different timbres.

Answer 47

Delicate effects, sound for sounds sake. Silence is used much and becomes as important as music. Interval replaces theme. Had great influence on composers in 50's! Small output of 31 works.

Test 3 Flashcards

(71 cards)