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Human nutrition > test 3 > Flashcards

test 3 Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

What is water

A

Universal solvent

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2
Q

Body temp regulation

A

Evaporative cooling

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3
Q

H20 AI women

A

2.7 L/day

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4
Q

H20 AI men

A

3.7 L/day

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5
Q

Greatest output of water

A

urine excretion

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6
Q

amniotic fluid

A

greatest shock absorber in mother’s womb

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7
Q

Aldosterone

A

Tells kidneys to conserve Na+ n H20

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8
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Controls thirst

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9
Q

Hyponatremia

A

Dangerously low blood Na+ level

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10
Q

pH

A

Measurement of H+ ions

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11
Q

Major source of Na+ n Cl

A

Table salt

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12
Q

AI chloride

A

2300 mg/day

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13
Q

1 tsp salt

A

2400 mg sodium

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14
Q

hypertension

A

over 140/90

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15
Q

Exceeding UL on phosphorus

A

leads to calcification n stone formation

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16
Q

Best source of potassium

A

fresh spinach

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17
Q

A way to prevent cancer

A

Limit cured n processed meat

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18
Q

Metatasize

A

spreading disease to nother part of body

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19
Q

antioxidants

A

A. C, E, selenium

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20
Q

Free radicals

A

Unstable atoms w unpaired electrons in outer shell and are generated by normal metabolic processes

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21
Q

How do antioxidants work against free radicals

A

donating electrons to them

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22
Q

Best defense against free radicals

A

Fruits n veggies

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23
Q

Lycopene

A

red pigment in tomatoes, watermelon, guava, n pink grapefruit.
also protects against prostate cancer

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24
Q

Vitamin C

Study These Flashcards
A

Increases Fe absorption

25
How much more vitamin C does smokers need
an extra 35 mg
26
Vitamin C deficiency
scurvy
27
vitamin c sources
citrus fruits n strawbs
28
Too much vitamin c leads to
increased Fe absorption
29
Vitamin D
A hormone synthesized by the sun and reduced by sunscreen. produced in skin when exposed to UV light. Essential.
30
Probiotics
live microorganisms w positive effects on human health eg. lactobacillus, lactococcus, streptococcus Reinforces integrity of GI tract Enhances immune function by altering composition of bicrobiota.
31
bone marrow
spongy tissue in flat bone
32
cortical bone
compact or dense bone
33
osteoclast
breaks down or degrades small amount of bone
34
resorption
losing substance
35
Osteoblast
initiates synthesis of new bone
36
Formula for bone mineral density
total mineral content of bone/width of bone
37
how much percent of Ca used in body to strengthen bones n teeth
99%
38
Osteoporosis
Porous n fragile bones due to low mineral density
39
how to prevent osteoporosis in women
increase Ca+ n vitamin d, hormone replacement therapy, weight-bearing exercises
40
How to promote bone health
healthy body weight Eat healthy balanced diet with bone building nutrients
41
What does excess in Ca do
increases risk of kidney stones
42
magnesium
responsible for nerve n heart function for muscle relaxation after contraction
43
bone remodeling
continual degrading and regenerating of bone
44
how much percentage of vitamin B are absorbed in diet
50-90%
45
Who are more likely to develop vitamin b deficiency diseases
Alcoholics
46
Riboflavin - B-2 - ariboflavinosis
Found in dairy products Cracking on tongue n corners of mouth Dermatitis Eye disorders Sensitivity to sun
47
Niacin - B-3 - Pellagra
Dermatitis Diarrhea Dementia Death
48
Mega doses of niacin
lowers cholesterol, but may cause flushing
49
Niacin can be synthesized from
tryptophan
50
Pantothenic acid - B-5
Deficiency is rare, can occur in alcoholics
51
Mega doses of b-6
May lead to nerve damage
52
Thiamin - B-1 - beriberi
source = pork
53
Biotin B-7
Raw egg whites bind biotin n decreases absorption unique among B vitamins bc bacterial synthesis occurs in intestine
54
Iodine regulates
thyroid gland
55
thyroid gland
traps iodine from blood to support thyroid hormone synthesis
56
low levels of iodine
Goiter
57
Goiter
enlargement of thyroid gland caused by insufficient iodine in diet.
58
Chronium - Cr - deficiency effects and source
Impaired glucose control Increases cholesterol and triglycerides whole grain
59
boost energy levels naturally
7 small meals a day Avoid large amounts of sugar and fat Take quick exercise break Reduce stress

Human nutrition (2 decks)

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