test 3

Question 1

Battle of Bunker Hill

Answer 1

1775, Americans lost but high British mortality rate boosted spirits

Question 2

Continental Congress

Answer 2

first time reps from all 13 colonies met to make the Olive Branch Petition

Question 3

Olive Branch Petititon

Answer 3

1775, last attempt to avoid war with England, declined

Question 4

Common Sense

Answer 4

1776, written by Thomas Paine to explain why America should break away from Britain, it isn’t common sense for a small island to rule such a large country across the sea

Question 5

Declaration of Independence

Answer 5

1776, formally announced colonies’ break from Britain

Question 6

American Revolution

Answer 6

1776-1783

Question 7

Loyalists

Answer 7

had economic ties to Britain and lived in coastal, urban, and aristocratic areas, many went to England after revolution

Question 8

alliance with France

Answer 8

1778 after Battle of Saratoga, allowed Americans to defeat Britain

Question 9

Battle of Yorktown

Answer 9

1781, Cornwallis surrenders to Washington after being blocked by French navy, last major battle of the American Revolution

Question 10

Republican Motherhood

Answer 10

belief that women had a crucial role in shaping future generations of Americans, allowed women to get some civic education and elevated the role of mothers

Question 11

Northwest Ordinance

Answer 11

1787, law that set method of creating new states in Northwest territory; banned slavery, grew public education, and required Native consent (which was ignored)

Question 12

Articles of Confederation

Answer 12

1781, first post-independence US government that failed because of extremely weak central government. Only had a legislative branch with each state getting 1 vote, required unanimous state approval for important decisions, didn’t allow Congress to levy taxes

Question 13

Federalist Papers

Answer 13

1787-1788, written by James Madison, John Jay, and Alexander Hamilton to promote ratification of Constitution and address Antifederalists’ concerns about a strong central government

Question 14

Shay’s Rebellion

Answer 14

1786-1787, rebellion in Massachusetts against state government’s increased taxation after American Revolution, showed weakness of AoC because the federal government couldn’t raise an army to put it down

Question 15

separation of powers

Answer 15

created 3 branches of the federal government: executive, legislative, and judicial so power was split up and they could check each other

Question 16

checks and balances

Answer 16

each branch of government has checks on others to ensure no one branch is all powerful

Question 17

the Great Compromise

Answer 17

1787, created bicameral congress (Senate and House of Representatives), state population mattered for House of Reps, electoral college, and federal taxes but not Senate

Question 18

3/5s Compromise

Answer 18

created due to South’s economic dependency on slavery, made slaves count as 3/5s of a person when counting population for representation

Question 19

Virginia Plan

Answer 19

proposed by Edmund Randolph (gov of VA) and James Madison to create a national government with checks and balances and a bicameral congress that relied on state population for representation, favored by large states

Question 20

New Jersey Plan

Answer 20

proposed by William Paterson and wanted a unicameral legislature with equal representation no matter the population of states, favored by small states

Question 21

Elastic Clause

Answer 21

clause in Constitution that gives Congress the power to pass laws not specifically mentioned

Question 22

Patrick Henry

Answer 22

led Antifederalist cause, “Give me liberty or give me death”

Question 23

Bill of Rights

Answer 23

demanded by Antifederalists to ratify Constitution

Question 24

Constitution

Answer 24

nationally ratified in 1788 with BoR, but some individual states didn’t ratify until 1790

Question 25

Washington's Cabinet

Answer 25

Hamilton (Federalist) vs. Jefferson (Antifederalist/Democratic Republican)

Question 26

Hamilton

Answer 26

wanted national bank and held pro-British economic views, didn't want to help French in their revolution

Question 27

Jefferson

Answer 27

argued that national bank would only benefit rich people and wanted to aid French in their revolution, resigned when Washington signed Proclamation of Neutrality

Question 28

Proclamation of Neutrality

Answer 28

1793, signed by Washington to stay out of French Revolution

Question 29

Whiskey Rebellion

Answer 29

1791-1794, farmers in Western PA rebelled against tax on whiskey and was put down by Washington's militia, showed strength of new constitution

Question 30

Pinckney's Treaty

Answer 30

1795, signed by US and Spain, established Florida border and allowed Americans to travel Mississippi River and use port of New Orleans for trade

Question 31

Jay's Treaty

Answer 31

1794, signed between US and Britain and made people mad because it failed to address British impressment of Americans for their navy, angered French for signing a treaty with their enemies

Question 32

Washington's Farewell Address

Answer 32

1796, warned to stay out of European affairs, avoid political parties, and avoid sectionalism/changes to the Constitution

Question 33

John Adams

Answer 33

Federalist, elected as 2nd president in 1796

Question 34

XYZ Affair

Answer 34

1797-1798, attempt by American diplomats to negotiate with French to get them to stop seizing ships headed to Britain but French diplomats refused to begin negotiations until they paid financial bribes, French diplomats were called XYZ, led to US expanding their navy in preparation for war

Question 35

Alien and Sedition Acts

Answer 35

1798, made by Federalist administration to suppress political dissent by Democratic Republicans who criticized them for their relations with France, made it legal for the president to deport any non-citizens deemed dangerous, judicial review wasn't established yet so law wasn't struck down

Question 36

Equiano

Answer 36

wrote slave narratives promoting abolitionism

Question 37

Phillis Wheatley

Answer 37

African poet whose writing was appreciated for her patriotic Americanism which allowed her to talk about contradictions of slavery to people who wouldn't otherwise listen to her, her writing was read throughout Boston, commented on by John Hancock, and Washington invited her to the White House