test 3

Question 1

normal age related changes for respiratory

Answer 1

loss of elastic recoil bc of stiff,
can’t take big breath, atelectasis, diminish chest cavity, residual capacity increase

Question 2

risk factors for COPD

Answer 2

smoking, pollution, age, hx of asthma, genetics, female

Question 3

risk factors for asthma

Answer 3

smoke, seasonal allergies, asthma as a kid, genetics

Question 4

dementia

Answer 4

neurocognitive disorder, slow onset, may have hallucinations, movement disorder

Question 5

delirium

Answer 5

acute onset memory and cog. changes, medical emergency

Question 6

alzheimers

Answer 6

memory loss, can’t get new info, depression, brain atrophy, AA at risk

Question 7

parkinsons

Answer 7

asymmetrical resting tremor, challenge test with levodopa, decreased dopamine and NE, neuron loss, muscle rigidity- throat, and speaking

Question 8

what causes delirium?

Answer 8

meds, procedures, restrains, events, sleep, depression, pain, environmental factors

Question 9

how to communicate with someone experiencing delirium

Answer 9

know past patterns, nonverbal, slow and calm, explain and smile, reassure safety

Question 10

most common autoimmune disorders in older adults

Answer 10

diabetes,

Question 11

diabetes decreases what functions in older adults?

Answer 11

mobility, falls, cognitive, incontinence, muscle weakness, fatigue

Question 12

how is diabetes monitored

Answer 12

A1C, blood glucose, polyuria, polyphagia, polydipsia

Question 13

what meds are used for diabetes in older adults?

Answer 13

metformin

Question 14

complications of diabetes

Answer 14

heart disease, incontinence, weight loss, delirium, lower extremity problems, hypoglycemia, organ damage

Question 15

what cardio problems are diabetics at risk for

Answer 15

heart disease, heart attack, stroke, dementia

Question 16

osteoporosis

Answer 16

most common bone disease, bone frailty, menopause women, DEXA scan

Question 17

risk factors for osteoporosis

Answer 17

white women, small, prev, broken bone, genetics, estrogen def., calcium def.,

Question 18

difference between OA, RA and gout

Answer 18

oa is unilateral, pain better after rest, ra is autoimmune, bilateral, stiffness after activity and gout is red pain uric acid

Question 19

risk factors for OA

Answer 19

older age, obesity, female, previous injury, joint disformitiy, genetics

Question 20

how to help during gout attacks

Answer 20

pain relief, nsaids, steroids

Question 21

consequences of untreated pain

Answer 21

falls, functional impairment, slowed rehab, caregiver strain, sleep, anorexia,

Question 22

how to assess pain in older adults

Answer 22

high comprehensive assessment, quantitative measures, same as reg

Question 23

non-pharm methods used for pain

Answer 23

heat/cold, TENS, acupuncture, relaxation, use least invasive

Question 24

potential factors in older adults that alter mental health

Answer 24

changes and illness, family, death of others, functional and sensory and memory impairment, pain, no driving, retirement, agism, mobility,

Question 25

most common mental health disorder in older adults

Answer 25

depression

Question 26

nursing interventions for anxiety in older adults

Answer 26

SSRIs, CBT, therapies, listening, encourage expressions, screen for other mental illness

Question 27

risk factors for depression in older adults

Answer 27

chronic illness, disability, dementias, female, socioeconomic, family hx, prev. episodes, meds, substances, living alone, death of others

Question 28

what patients are at high risk for suicide

Answer 28

depression and other problems, death of spouse

Question 29

how many alcoholic drinks are appropriate for older adults

Answer 29

one glass of anything

Question 30

autonomy

Answer 30

independent decision making capacity

Question 31

beneficence

Answer 31

actions to benefit others

Question 32

nonmaleficence

Answer 32

no intentional harm, avoid/ minimize the risk of harm

Question 33

justice

Answer 33

people are to be treated equally and fair

Question 34

when is a durable power of attorney for health care utilized

Answer 34

when the patient is unable to make decisions for themselves

Question 35

living will vs advanced directives

Answer 35

living will- a type of advanced directive AD- more comprehensive

Question 36

what older adults are at higher risk for maltreatment and abuse

Answer 36

cognitively impaired adult, physically impaired, women living alone

Question 37

what factors increasing the risk of mistreatment of older adults in the community

Answer 37

poor physical and mental impairment, women,

Question 38

what are the cues of physical abuse

Answer 38

bruising, any lacerations or broken bones, behavior changes, wounds in different stages of healing

Question 39

what are the cues of sexual abuse

Answer 39

blood, unexplained diseases, pain

Question 40

what are the cues of emotional abuse

Answer 40

change in behavior around caregiver, caregiver speaks mostly

Question 41

what are the cues of psychological abuse

Answer 41

same as emotional

Question 42

what are the cues of neglect

Answer 42

malnutrition, dehydration, unclean, urine smell, dirty clothing,

Question 43

what is required of nurses for suspected abuse

Answer 43

report!!!

Question 44

what predicts successful retirement in older adults

Answer 44

good income, living environment, support systems, and relationships,

Question 45

what are common reactions to death of a spouse in older adults

Answer 45

neglect to self, can't share grief, loss of social

Question 46

what is the importance of friendship in older adults

Answer 46

support, promote health and wellbeing,

Question 47

what circumstances associated with caregiver stress

Answer 47

Responsibility, age, intensity, resources, financial, length of care

Question 48

how do nurses work with caregivers to create a partnership

Answer 48

monitoring, teaching, provide info, psychological support, coordinating

Question 49

the importance of touch

Answer 49

stronger than verbal or emotional

Question 50

what are the zones of touch

Answer 50

social, consent, vulnerable, intímate

Question 51

physical changes in sexual responses in older adults

Answer 51

female- decrease lubricaiton, less expansion, male- slow erection, difficult regain erection, fewer contraction, decrease muscle

Question 52

how do older adults with chronic conditions have sex

Answer 52

when high energy, caution in heart pts, use lube, counciling

Question 53

how do nurses approach a patient masturbating

Answer 53

suggest privacy, cover up

Question 54

what nursing actions to older adults having sex in a nursing home

Answer 54

allow them in privacy, inform that its normal

Question 55

tips for best practice screening for sexually transmitted diseases among older adults

Answer 55

test for aids, regular screening, hiv

Question 56

hospice vs palliative care

Answer 56

hospice is for the dying with 6 months to live, palliative is to help with what they have to prolong life

Question 57

what factors affect grieving

Answer 57

coping strategies, ability to handle dying

Question 58

"good coper"

Answer 58

Acknowledge the loss and try to make sense of it, optimistic

Question 59

indicators of a good death

Answer 59

care received, communication, hope, closure

Question 60

what older adult is most likely to re-marry after a death quickly

Answer 60

men

Question 61

nursing skills needed for the practice of palliative or end of life care

Answer 61

communication, knowledge about symptoms and teach, comfort, deal with own feelings, advanced directives, legal challenges,

Question 62

self-actualization

Answer 62

highest expression of ones individual potential and implies inner motivation that has been freed to express the most unique self or the authentic person

Question 63

what are traits of older adults who meet self-actualization

Answer 63

courage, altruism, humor, self-renewal, collective self-actualization, wisdom, creativity, recreation

Question 64

what are some spiritual nursing actions

Answer 64

environment, touch, listening, encourage family, praying, meet religious needs, councilor

Question 65

some hope-promoting activities for older adults

Answer 65

sun, share, nature, journal, letters, music, relationships

Question 66

define a legacy and list examples of legacies

Answer 66

assets that are transferred to another and may be treasured as a symbol of immortality ex.- histories, autobiography, videos, shared memories, art, music, organs, objects, talents, traditions