Test 3

Question 1

The process where a liquid changes into a gas

Answer 1

Evaporation

Question 2

Any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapor that falls from clouds due to gravitational pull

Answer 2

Precipitation

Question 3

The process by which plants release water into the atmosphere through their leaves

Answer 3

Transpiration

Question 4

Permeation of a liquid into something by filtration

Answer 4

Infiltration

Question 5

The flow of water over the ground’s surface when it can’t be absorbed by the soil quickly enough

Answer 5

Runoff

Question 6

Side of a stream meander where sand and gravel deposition occurs

Answer 6

Point bar

Question 7

Side of a stream meander where erosion occurs

Answer 7

Cut bank

Question 8

A former stream meander that has been cut off from the main channel

Answer 8

Oxbow

Question 9

A stream containing numerous sand bars that divides the stream flow

Answer 9

Braided channel

Question 10

Primarily composed of coarse sediment such as sand and gravel

Answer 10

Bed load

Question 11

Primarily composed of fine sediment such as clay and silt

Answer 11

Suspended load

Question 12

The amount of space between soil particles

Answer 12

Porosity

Question 13

The ability of water to flow through soil

Answer 13

Permeability

Question 14

Currents that flow in circular patterns across the ocean basins

Answer 14

Gyre

Question 15

The main type of rock created along the mid-ocean ridges

Answer 15

Basalt

Question 16

This forms when pumping water from a well causes the water table surrounding the well to fall

Answer 16

Cone of depression

Question 17

Where is erosion most likely to occur?

Answer 17

Cut bank (Y)

Question 18

If a concrete parking lot is built on the site of a former forest, would the amount of infiltration increase or decrease?

Answer 18

Decrease

Question 19

If a concrete parking lot is built on the site of a former forest, would the amount of runoff increase or decrease?

Answer 19

Increase

Question 20

If a concrete parking lot is built on the site of a former forest, would the amount of transpiration increase or decrease?

Answer 20

Decrease

Question 21

What process is blocked by the construction of jetties that extend from the coast?

Answer 21

Longshore transport

Question 22

What two dissolved elements are the most abundant in ocean water?

Answer 22

Sodium and chlorine

Question 23

Is layer 1 (the top layer) on a cross section of a waterfall hard or soft?

Answer 23

Hard

Question 24

Is layer 2 (the bottom layer) of a cross section of a waterfall hard or soft?

Answer 24

Soft

Question 25

Layer 1: the uppermost layer of soil and rock that contains both air and water, but is not fully saturated with water

Answer 25

Zone of aeration

Question 26

Layer 2: the upper surface of the zone of saturation. Directly below the Zone of Aeration

Answer 26

Water table

Question 27

Layer 3: an underground layer of water - *saturated* rock or sediment that stores and transmits water. Directly below the water table

Answer 27

Aquifer

Question 28

Layer 4: Impermeable unit that can store groundwater and transmit it slowly from one aquifer to another. Below the aquifer.

Answer 28

Aquitard

Question 29

This horizon has fresh organic matter

Answer 29

O horizon

Question 30

This horizon has humus, decomposed organic matter, and some minerals

Answer 30

E horizon

Question 31

This horizon is made up of primarily clay minerals, and is also known as the ‘zone of accumulation’

Answer 31

B horizon

Question 32

This horizon has partially decomposed bedrock

Answer 32

C horizon

Question 33

Caves form due to dissolution of limestone (calcite). This is an example of what type of weathering?

Answer 33

Chemical

Question 34

Shattering a rock by freezing and thawing cycles. This is an example of what type of weathering?

Answer 34

Physical

Question 35

Rocks worn smooth by abrasion against other rocks. This is an example of what type of weathering?

Answer 35

Physical

Question 36

Oxidation of minerals to form iron oxide. This is an example of what type of weathering?

Answer 36

Chemical

Question 37

Where did North Carolina’s barrier islands originally form?

Answer 37

More seaward, where the continental shelf is today

Question 38

A barrier island shifts landward during a large storm, as sand is moved from the ocean side to the lagoon/sound side. What process is this?

Answer 38

Overwash

Question 39

What is the source of most nutrients in the soil?

Answer 39

Chemical weathering of rocks

Question 40

The society of Easter Island in the Pacific Ocean ultimately caused the deforestation of the entire island, which led to mass starvation. Once deforestation started, it led to soil erosion, which prevented new trees from growing, thereby making both deforestation and soil erosion worse as time went on. What response pattern does this follow?

Answer 40

Positive feedback

Question 41

In the Beaches are Moving video, we learned that during a storm, sand can be removed from the beach and dunes to an offshore bar. When waves begin breaking

Answer 41

Negative feedback

Question 42

A debris flow is a type of landslide that is a swiftly flowing mixture of water, mud, and large rocks. This can be triggered by a sudden instability on a bare mountain slope. What response pattern does this follow?

Answer 42

Threshold effect

Question 43

In the film Erin Brockovich, the water supply in the town of Hinckley, CA was contaminated with what?

Answer 43

Lead

Question 44

In the film Erin Brockovich, the main character Erin Brockovich had no previous experience as what?

Answer 44

A lawyer