test 3

Question 1

social dominance orientation

Answer 1

motivation to have one’s group dominate other social groups

Question 2

realistic group conflict theory

Answer 2

theory that prejudice arises from competition between groups for scarce resources

Question 3

social identity

Answer 3

the “we” aspect of self-concept

Question 4

ingroup

Answer 4

“us”
- group of people who share sense of belonging, common identity

Question 5

outgroup

Answer 5

“them”
- group people perceive as different from their group

Question 6

consequences of prejudice

Answer 6

• subtyping
• subgrouping
• stereotypes

Question 7

STUDY: Thai et al.
Friends with moral credentials

Answer 7

• belief that minority friendships make one look less racist
  IV:
  1) the statement on the Facebook profile (2 levels)
  2) the visual picture on the profile (3 levels)
  3) observers (2 levels)

DV:
1) how racist the target was seen
2) perceived negative intent
3)level of offensiveness
4) neg. affect toward statement

Question 8

automatic processing

Answer 8

we seek patterns & categorize things and people

Question 9

stereotyping

Answer 9

cognitive component
- generalization of a group where indiv characteristics are given to all in group regardless of actual variations

Question 10

prejudice

Answer 10

affective (emotional) component
- neg or pos attitude toward group of people based only on membership in group

Question 11

discrimination

Answer 11

behavioral component
- unjustified neg or pos action towards group based on group membership

Question 12

STUDY: Tajfei & Turner
Minimal Group Paradigm

Answer 12

• show slides with lots of dots & guess # of dots
• tell based on info if you over or underestimated - results made up
• then, 2 groups play game together
  - stereotypes quickly emerged within groups

Question 13

is implicit or explicit prejudice greater today?

Answer 13

Explicit in US has increased dramatically

Question 14

implicit bias

Answer 14

operates OUTSIDE of awareness
- having preference for a group based on implicit attitudes, stereotypes, etc

Question 15

IAT knee tapping instructions

Answer 15

(Implicit association task - Greenwald & Banaji)

Question 16

aggression as biological phenomenon

Answer 16

-influences:
instinctive
neural
genetic
biochemical

Question 17

frustration aggression theory

Answer 17

theory that frustration triggers readiness to aggress

Question 18

social learning theory

Answer 18

we learn social behavior by observing & imitating and rewards

Question 19

STUDY: Albert Bandura
Bobo Doll

Answer 19

• children exposed to adult’s aggression against Bobo doll were likely to reproduce observed aggression

Question 20

2 mental proccessess

Answer 20

intentional operating
- conscious / effortful
- unwanted thoughts go away through distraction

ironic monitoroing
- unconscious / little effort
- search for unwanted thoughts being surpressed

Question 21

Contact Hypothesis (Allport 1954)

Answer 21

• contact between members of dif groups will improve relations BUT need:
  1) cooperation
  2) equal status
  3) acquaintance potential (get to know each other)
  4) institutional support

Question 22

teasing vs bullying

Answer 22

teasing
- not making fun of characteristics out of someones control
- not meant to harm, from someone close to you

bullying
- 3 components
1) repeated
2) imbalance of power
3) purposeful

Question 23

need to belong

Answer 23

motivation to bond with others in relationships that provide pos interactions

Question 24

STUDY: Hatfield (1966)

Answer 24

• 752 students - matching dance
• aptitude/personality testing - how much did tests predict attraction?

matching phenomenon - tendancy for men/women to choose partners who are ‘good match’ in attractiveness & more

Question 25

Proximity (propinquity)

Answer 25

- how much you interact with someone - the more you interact & see the more likely to be friends

Question 26

STUDY: Festinger (1950)

Answer 26

- looked at married housing complex at MIT & who became friends - 65% reported best friend IN same building - 41% reported next door neighbors were best friend - people near common spaces friends all over building

Question 27

STUDY: Shin et al (3 studies)

Answer 27

1) circle study - how close in proximity people drew close friends on physical circle 2) romeo & juliet - all male participants, female confederate IV: distance sitting apart, 80 or 160 cm - read romantic scene from romeo & juliet DV: how much guys reported liking the woman - close condition liked her more 3) closeness & attractiveness - men & women both shown pictures of 2 women where one looked closer - closer woman rated more attractive

Question 28

Mere Exposure

Answer 28

the more exposure to stimulus, the more you like it

Question 29

similarity vs complementary

Answer 29

- similarity attracts more - open vs closed fields - open: can be friends with anyone - closed: brings people together

Question 30

attractiveness

Answer 30

tendency to like people more physically attractive - 'what is beautiful is good' stereotype - more attractive people = more socially fluent

Question 31

passionate vs companionate love

Answer 31

companionate love - feel close, develops, no passion

Question 32

Sternbergs Love Triangle

Answer 32

1) intimacy - feeling close/bonded 2) passion - 'hot' part, arousal, sexual 3) commitment - short & long term - intimacy + passion = romantic love - intimacy + commitment = companionate love (parent - child) - passion + commitment = fatuous love (hookup) - ALL = consummate love

Question 33

love styles

Answer 33

1) eros 2) ludus 3) storge 4) pragma 5) mania 6) agape women = more storge & pragma men = more ludic

Question 34

social exchange theory

Answer 34

cost vs reward

Question 35

STUDY: Strange Situation Task

Answer 35

attachment styles - babies in room with a parent - parents leave room (babies should cry) - look at reaction baby has when parent returns

Question 36

altruism

Answer 36

helping without expecting anything in return

Question 37

prosocial behavior

Answer 37

any act performed with goal of benefiting another person

Question 38

theories of helping

Answer 38

- evolutionary psychology (biological) - social norms (sociological) - social exchange theory (psych)

Question 39

evolutionary psychology

Answer 39

people are more likely to help those in family more

Question 40

reciprocity norm

Answer 40

expectation that helping others will result in you getting help later

Question 41

social responsibility norm

Answer 41

expectation people will help those dependent on them

Question 42

social exchange theory

Answer 42

aim to maximize rewards and minimize costs - only when pros outway cons

Question 43

Batson's Empathy Altruism Hypothesis

Answer 43

1) observe 2) empathy? no - social exchange yes - will help (altruism)

Question 44

STUDY: "Carol" (Batson)

Answer 44

- intro to psych students told to evaluate different radio shows (actually listening to same program by Carol Macey about hardship) - participants get note from carol to student asking for help catching up at school IV: empathy (high vs low) & costs of helping - empathy: induce or remove empathy from situation - cost: see carol every day if you did/didn't help - empathy induce felt sympathy - if empathy helped regardless of cost