Test 3

Question 1

What is the primary function of electrolytes in the body?

Answer 1

To maintain fluid balance, nerve function, and muscle function.

Question 2

True or False: Sodium is the most abundant electrolyte in extracellular fluid.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Fill in the blank: The major cation in intracellular fluid is ______.

Answer 3

Potassium

Question 4

What is the normal range for serum sodium levels?

Answer 4

135 to 145 mEq/L

Question 5

Which electrolyte is primarily responsible for muscle contraction?

Answer 5

Calcium

Question 6

True or False: Chloride is an anion that helps maintain osmotic pressure.

Answer 6

True

Question 7

What condition is characterized by low sodium levels in the blood?

Answer 7

Hyponatremia

Question 8

Which electrolyte imbalance can lead to cardiac arrhythmias?

Answer 8

Hyperkalemia

Question 9

What is the role of bicarbonate in the body?

Answer 9

To maintain acid-base balance.

Question 10

Multiple choice: Which of the following is NOT an electrolyte? A) Sodium B) Chloride C) Glucose D) Potassium

Answer 10

C) Glucose

Question 11

Fill in the blank: The major extracellular cation is ______.

Answer 11

Sodium

Question 12

What is the typical range for serum potassium levels?

Answer 12

3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L

Question 13

True or False: Fluid volume overload can lead to edema.

Answer 13

True

Question 14

What does the term ‘osmolality’ refer to?

Answer 14

The concentration of solutes in a solution.

Question 15

Which hormone regulates sodium and water balance in the body?

Answer 15

Aldosterone

Question 16

What is the primary source of fluid intake for the body?

Answer 16

Oral fluids and food.

Question 17

Multiple choice: Which of the following electrolytes is critical for blood clotting? A) Sodium B) Calcium C) Magnesium D) Phosphate

Answer 17

B) Calcium

Question 18

What is the physiological effect of hypernatremia?

Answer 18

Increased thirst and potential cellular dehydration.

Question 19

Fill in the blank: The process by which water moves across a semipermeable membrane is called ______.

Answer 19

Osmosis

Question 20

True or False: Phosphorus is primarily found in bones and teeth.

Answer 20

True

Question 21

What is the effect of diuretics on electrolyte levels?

Answer 21

They can cause electrolyte imbalances, often leading to hypokalemia.

Question 22

What is the normal range for serum calcium levels?

Answer 22

8.5 to 10.5 mg/dL

Question 23

Which electrolyte is important for energy production in the body?

Answer 23

Magnesium

Question 24

True or False: Electrolyte imbalances can be caused by dehydration.

Answer 24

True

Question 25

What does 'third spacing' refer to in fluid balance?

Answer 25

The accumulation of fluid in interstitial spaces.

Question 26

Multiple choice: Which of the following can lead to hyperkalemia? A) Kidney failure B) Excessive sweating C) Diuretics D) Insufficient dietary intake

Answer 26

A) Kidney failure

Question 27

What is the role of sodium-potassium ATPase pump?

Answer 27

To maintain the concentration gradient of sodium and potassium across cell membranes.

Question 28

Fill in the blank: The primary method of fluid loss from the body is through ______.

Answer 28

Urination

Question 29

What is the condition called when there is an excess of potassium in the blood?

Answer 29

Hyperkalemia

Question 30

True or False: All electrolytes are ions.

Answer 30

True

Question 31

What is the typical range for serum magnesium levels?

Answer 31

1.5 to 2.5 mEq/L

Question 32

Which fluid compartment contains the majority of the body's water?

Answer 32

Intracellular fluid compartment