Test 3

Question 1

Social Stratification

Answer 1

A form of INEQUALITY in which individuals in a society are ranked on a HIERARCHY on the basis of their access to values resources.

Question 2

Stratification is universal but variable

Answer 2

It is different from country to country and it is not the same

Question 3

Stratification persists over several generations

Answer 3

From your parents born into it.

Question 4

Stratification involves beliefs not just inequalities.

Answer 4

Stratification is a characteristic of society and not merely a function of individual differences.

Question 5

Caste system

Answer 5

Ranking is hereditary and permanent, and marriage between members of different categories is prohibited. Ascribed, Non- open, permanent, and bloodline.

Question 6

Class system

Answer 6

The economic factor and achieved statuses (gained by ability and merit) are the principal means of ranking.

Question 7

Estate system

Answer 7

A social hierarchy centered on the monopoly of power and ownership of land by a group religious and political elites.

Question 8

Slavery system

Answer 8

A society with two distinct strata-a category of people who are free and a category of people who are legally the property of others.

Question 9

Caste

Answer 9

Ascribed status: Given to you
Closed: no entry except through marriage.
Rigid: ideology
No mobility:

Question 10

Socioeconoomic

Answer 10

A ranking that combines income, occupational prestige, level of education, and neighborhood to assess people’s positions in the stratification system.

Question 11

Absolute poverty

Answer 11

Based on fixed amount (e.g. 22,000 for a family of 4)

Question 12

Relative poverty

Answer 12

based on the standard of living of ones neighbors,

Question 13

Feminization of poverty

Answer 13

a household headed by a woman is likely to be poor.

Question 14

income

Answer 14

exchange of labor for pay

Question 15

Assets

Answer 15

Investments, real estate, paintings, expensive jewelry, antiques, etc.

Question 16

Indicators of Status: Life Chances

Answer 16

Describe our access or the lack of resources in the society.

Question 17

Indicators of Status: Status Symbols

Answer 17

Material possessions that reflect one’s social standing (e.g. Mercedes Benz, Rolex watch, Harvard Diploma.

Question 18

Generational Mobility: Inter-Generational Mobility

Answer 18

Movement up or down the social class over several generations.

Question 19

Generational Mobility: Intra-Generational Mobility

Answer 19

Movement up or down the social class within one’s one life time

Question 20

Global stratification

Answer 20

the ranking of nations on a hierarchy on the basis of their access to the world’s wealth, power, and prestige.

Question 21

High-income nations (first world, developed)

Answer 21

nations with advances industrial economies and high standard of living

Question 22

Middle-income nations (second world, developing)

Answer 22

Nations that are newly industrialized and have moderate wealth and standard of living

Question 23

Low-income nations (third world, underdeveloped)

Answer 23

Nations that are poor, Largely agrarian and highly dependent on First World countries.

Question 24

Theories: Modernization Theory

Answer 24

Contends that first world countries are developed because they embrace the use of technology.

Question 25

Theories: recipe of Imitation

Answer 25

First world countries advise Second & third world countries to do what they did in order to be where they are.

Question 26

Flaws in the recipe of imitation

Answer 26

conditions in the will never be the same again. First world countries colonized the other countries to build their own (e.g. Great Britain, France vs Haiti, Spain vs Mexico)

Question 27

Dependency Theory

Answer 27

First world Countries keep Second & Third countries in a state of dependency through a series of unequal relationships such as - trade inequality- 3rd World countries ship 1st class goods - Industrial- nike ships shoes overseas to be manufactured - Investment-

Question 28

World System Theory

Answer 28

Proposes that all nations are part of worldwide division of labor. nations are ranked on the following Hierarchy. - Core - Semi-periphery - Periphery

Question 29

Infrastructure

Answer 29

A country is considered developed if it has in place such things as - running water - indoor plumbing - telecommunication systems - transportation networks

Question 30

Instruments of control: military power

Answer 30

countries that possess highly trained armies along with advanced technological offense and defense systems

Question 31

Instruments of control: Transnational Corporations (economic Control)

Answer 31

Companies that are headquartered in one country but have operations allover the world

Question 32

Race

Answer 32

``` Individuals who belong to the same racial group must have similar genetically determined traits that are physically expressed. Some indicators of race are: Skin color hair texture body type facial features -race have no meaning biological ```

Question 33

Ethnicity

Answer 33

Individuals who share any combinations of the following can be classified as belonging to the some ethnic group. - Nationality - Language - religion - Culture

Question 34

Consequences of Race & Ethnicity: Stereotypes

Answer 34

inflexible images of a racial or cultural group that are held without regard to whether they are true.

Question 35

Consequences of Race & Ethnicity: prejudice

Answer 35

Preconceived judgement either positively or negatively about a category of people

Question 36

Consequences of Race & Ethnicity: Discrimination

Answer 36

unequal treatment of people based on their group membership.