test 4

Question 1

a process through which proud owners of social behavior,social relationships, social institutions and systems of stratification are altered over time

Answer 1

Social change

Question 2

social changes Universal put variable

Social change is intentional but also unplanned

social change brings controversy

social change has variable consequences

Answer 2

principles of social change

Question 3

physical environment
Cultural innovation
technology
population
Humana action

Answer 3

sources of social change

Question 4

rivers
mountains
Normal resources (oil, coal, Diamond,)
natural disasters ( earthquake hurricanes tornadoes in tsunami)

Answer 4

physical environment:

Question 5

: uncovering something in the environment that was always there but not know.
The rate of invention is the rate of proportional at rate of discovery

Answer 5

culture innovation: discovery

Question 6

combining existing known elements in the environment something new

stuff that already exists but if combined to make new

Answer 6

cultural innovation: invention

Question 7

: when unrelated events occur together from which a new idea emerges

Apple falling from the tree which lead the discover of gravity.

Answer 7

culural innovation: accidental juxtaposition

Question 8

: involves cultural borrowing where that which is borrowed is modified to fit into the receiving culture

Ex. most prolific form of social change technology is a most dramatic

Answer 8

cultural innovation: diffusion

Question 9

also tangible aspects in society

Answer 9

technology: material culture

Question 10

so norms, values, beliefs, laws, and tradition that help guide to society

Answer 10

technology: non-material culture

Question 11

the time it takes off for the society to it on to state of equilibrium following the introduction of a new item on the materials side

Answer 11

technology:Culture-lag time

Question 12

this state and what’s a society is no longer in control of changes taking place in the society. technology becomes the master in the society becomes to slave

Answer 12

technology: technological determinism

Question 13

the scientific study of the size, composition, distribution, and changes in human population.

Answer 13

population: demography

Question 14

food supplies grow arithmetically, while population grows geometrically.

Answer 14

population theories: Malthusian Theory

Question 15

population growth occurs in three distinct stages
high birth rates, high death rates
high birth rates, low death rates
low birth rates, low death rates

Answer 15

Population theories: demographic transition theory

Question 16

fertility

Answer 16

birth rate

Question 17

mortality

Answer 17

death rate

Question 18

also called rate of reproductive change

Answer 18

birth rate - death rate=natural increase

Question 19

the potential for childbirth

Answer 19

fecundity

Question 20

movement within the country

Answer 20

internal migration

Question 21

incoming population

Answer 21

in-migration

Question 22

outgoing population

Answer 22

out-migration

Question 23

in - out (a - b = c)

Answer 23

net migration

Question 24

movement from outside the country

Answer 24

immigration

Question 25

dynamic that results when individuals from diverse backgrounds, races, and cultures come together to live in a given geographic area.

Answer 25

population mix

Question 26

individual is motivated to move because he is dissatisfied with current situation.

Answer 26

theory: push

Question 27

although not unhappy with current situation, the individual is pulled by strong forces to move.

Answer 27

theory: pull

Question 28

individuals will move to where others like themselves are thus creation Ethnic Enclaves

Answer 28

theory: support system

Question 29

The process whereby individuals from rural areas move into an urban area

Answer 29

Urbanization

Question 30

a central city that has several cities connected to it (Fort Lauderdale)

Answer 30

metropolitan area (metropolis)

Question 31

several metropolitan areas connected to each other (Miami Dade, Fort Lauderdale, Palm Beach)

Answer 31

Megalopolis

Question 32

relocation from inner city to the suburbs

Answer 32

Urbanization Issues: concentric zone theory

Question 33

renovation of run-down parts of the city. (legal)

Answer 33

Urbanization Issues: gentrification

Question 34

illegal practice whereby parts of the city are allowed to deterioration and then redeveloped.

Answer 34

Urbanization Issues: redlining

Question 35

authorized power to take private property for public use

Answer 35

Urbanization Issues: eminent domain

Question 36

mass exodus of one group because members of another move into their area to live

Answer 36

Urbanization Issues: white flight

Question 37

social changes that are brought about by the efforts of a single individual. (usually someone with a charismatic personality - Nelson Mandela, Dr. King, JFK, Lady Di, Mother Theresa, Hitler.

Answer 37

individual behavior

Question 38

a large group of people engaging in non-routine behavior and responding to a common stimulus.

Answer 38

collective Behavior

Question 39

a large group of people in one location engaging in collective behavior

Answer 39

crowd

Question 40

several large groups in different locations engaging in collective behavior

Answer 40

mass

Question 41

individuals related by blood, marriage, or adoption key function regulates sexual behavior provides for care & nurturing of infants serves as primary agent of socialization acts as a means of social control confers status on its members

Answer 41

the family

Question 42

mother, father, and children in one household

Answer 42

Family structure: Nuclear family

Question 43

marrying someone from one's own groups

Answer 43

creating a family: endogamy

Question 44

marrying outside one's group

Answer 44

creating a family: exogamy

Question 45

marrying within one;s social class

Answer 45

creating a family: Homogamy

Question 46

family one was raised in

Answer 46

Types: family of orientation

Question 47

one spouse at a time

Answer 47

marital arrangements: Monogamy

Question 48

several spouses at the same time

Answer 48

marital arrangements: Polygamy

Question 49

males having multiple spouses at the same time

Answer 49

marital arrangements: Polygymy

Question 50

females having multiple spouses at the same time

Answer 50

marital arrangements: polyandry

Question 51

multiple remarriages

Answer 51

marital arrangements: serial monogamy

Question 52

single-parent families same sex marriages Cohabitation- living together without being married

Answer 52

the future

Question 53

process by which a society transmit knowledge, skills, values, & norms from one generation to the next

Answer 53

Education

Question 54

socialization preparation for workforce acquisition of wealth social development

Answer 54

Education key functions

Question 55

requiring higher levels of education to gt the same job

Answer 55

Credential-ism

Question 56

number of years of schooling one has completed

Answer 56

educational attainment

Question 57

the ability to read, write, & do computations

Answer 57

educational achievement

Question 58

showing up for school but not learning the required skills to complete a grade

Answer 58

seat time

Question 59

promoted to next grade because of age

Answer 59

social promotion

Question 60

students placed in on a particular educational pathway academic or vocational

Answer 60

Tracking

Question 61

living up to the expectation of significant others

Answer 61

self-filling prophecy

Question 62

teaching the cultures of different racial/ethnic groups

Answer 62

multicultural education

Question 63

answers questions of human existence

Answer 63

religion

Question 64

theism

Answer 64

the believe in supreme being/s

Question 65

worship of one God

Answer 65

monotheism

Question 66

worship of many Gods

Answer 66

Polytheism

Question 67

every day things of life

Answer 67

profane (secular)

Question 68

that which is set aside for worship

Answer 68

sacred

Question 69

a practice that was once sacred is now secular

Answer 69

secularization

Question 70

religious group that is not regraded as an established religion

Answer 70

cult

Question 71

people and organizations that formulate and implement public policy

Answer 71

Government

Question 72

maintain law and order prevents chaos provides for orderly settlement of disputes protects citizens from foreign powers provides needed public services (infrastructure)

Answer 72

government key functions

Question 73

the ability to get one's way

Answer 73

power

Question 74

legitimate power

Answer 74

authority

Question 75

one person rule

Answer 75

dictatorship

Question 76

gov. for and by the people

Answer 76

democracy

Question 77

political action committees (pacs)

Answer 77

interest groups

Question 78

individuals hired to influence politicians on behalf of interests group

Answer 78

lobbyists

Question 79

responsible for the production, distributions, and consumption of goods and services

Answer 79

Economic

Question 80

private ownership vs. public; ownership (market economy, supply & demand.)

Answer 80

capitalism

Question 81

public ownership vs. private ownership

Answer 81

socialism

Question 82

Doing research just to obtain knowledge

Answer 82

Science and technology: pure research

Question 83

Doing research to apply the knowledge - results in technology

Answer 83

Science and technology: Applied research

Question 84

Maintenance of health

Answer 84

Prevention

Question 85

Treatment of illness

Answer 85

Cure

Question 86

Integrative medicine

Answer 86

Holistic

Question 87

Extension of life

Answer 87

Health and medicine

Question 88

Machine/technology have become more important than the patients

Answer 88

Hypertrophy

Question 89

Individual is made sicker by going to the hospital

Answer 89

Logenesis

Question 90

several generations living in one household

Answer 90

Family structure: Extended family

Question 91

family created upon marriage

Answer 91

Types: family of procreation