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Nutrition > Test 3 > Flashcards

Test 3 Flashcards

0
Q

Positively charged

A

Sodium and potassium

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1
Q

What are electrolytes

A

Minerals wen placed in water break up into charged particles

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2
Q

Negatively charged ions

A

Chloride is negatively charged

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3
Q

Sodium functions

A

Maintain normal fluid balance
Maintains acid-base balance in body
Needed for nerve impulse trans and muscle contraction

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4
Q

Sodium is?

A

Sodium ion is the major positively charged outside the cell

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5
Q

What regulates sodium

A

Kidneys regulate the body content of sodium under hormonal control

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6
Q

Absorption of sodium

A

Easily absorbed from the intestinal tract then through the blood stream to kidneys which filters out the sodium and returns the needed amount to the blood stream

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7
Q

Where is sodium stored

A

30-40% of body’s sodium is stored on the surface of bone crystals where it can be easily used if the blood level drops

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8
Q

Where is sodium

A 
Sodium chloride (table salt) 
1tsp salt (5.5 gram) 200mg of sodium
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9
Q

What percentage of salt intake comes from natural content of foods

A

10% comes from the natural content of food

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10
Q

What percent of salt added during cooking and at table

A

15% is from salt added during cooking and at table

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11
Q

What percent of salt added during processing and manufacturing ect. Raw potatoes verse potato chips

A

75% is added during the process of manufactured food

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12
Q

Foods high in sodium

A

Soy sauce, quarter pounder with cheese, tomato soup, dill pickles, ham, hot dogs, alka seltzer, pretzels, potato chips,msg, processed foods

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13
Q

Are foods high in sodium low in potassium

A

Yes and if foods are high in potassium they are low in sodium

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14
Q

What’s the minimum requirement of sodium for a healthy adult

A

500mg of sodium for an adult

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15
Q

What is the maximum sodium intake for a healthy adult

A

6grams (2400mg) of sodium

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16
Q

How many grams of sodium do fat ass Americans consume per day

A

6 to 18grams per day

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17
Q

How many grams of sodium do Asians consume a day

A

30 - 40 grams per day

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18
Q

What are the risks of HBP

A

Strokes heart attacks kidney damage loss of vision due to injured blood vessels in the eye

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19
Q

What is mild HBP

A

95 or 90 -104

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20
Q

What is moderate HBP

A

105-119

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21
Q

What is severe HBP

A

Anything above 120

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22
Q

What is the systolic pressure

A

The level reached when the heart is contracting most forcefully

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23
Q

What is diastolic pressure

A

The lowest value reached between contractions

-this number determines if treatment is needed

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24
Q

Functions of potassium

A

1-Major electrolyte charged ion inside the cell
2-maintains fluid and electrolyte balance
3-needed for transmission of nerve impulses contractions of muscles
4-necessary for maintaining normal heartbeat
5-May have protective effect n proventing HBP

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25
Q

Kidneys regulate what percent of potassium

A

90 percent of potassium is absorbed and regulated

26
Q

Deficency

A

Not seen in adults and if so through continual diarrhea, vomiting and diuretics

27
Q

Potassium Toxicity

A

To little or too much can cause cardiac arrest- not from foods but from supplements.

28
Q

Chloride (cl) function

A

Negative ion outside the cell
Helps maintain fluid balance
It is part of hydrochloride acid that maintains acidity of stomachs levels

29
Q

What are some Potassium food sources ?

A

Highest potatoes, beans, orange juice, bananas, milk

30
Q

RDA: potassium

A

Minimum requirements for healthy adult is 2000mg

31
Q

What are the functions of chloride

A
  1. Major neg ion outside cells and so helps maintain fluid balance
  2. Is part of hydrochloride acid that maintain acidity of the stomach
32
Q

RDA: of chloride

A

Minimum requirements is 750mg for healthy adults

33
Q

Chloride food source

A

Salt, soy sauce, processed foods

34
Q

Chloride deficiency and toxicity

A

None in healthy adults except if continual vomiting or diarrhea

35
Q

Where is most of calcium found

A

99% found in bones

1% found in body fluid

36
Q

What’s constantly happening to bones

A

They are constantly gaining and loosing minerals

During growth children gain more than they loose

37
Q

What’s needed for bone formation

A

Calcium(Ca), phosphorus(P), magnesium(Mg), vitamin D

38
Q

Balance of calcium

A

Involves a system of hormones and vitamin D

39
Q

Functions of calcium

A 
Extra skeletal (outside the bones) calcium is needed for normal response of nerves to stimuli 
2 Muscle contraction 
3 blood clotting 
4 membrane permeability 
5 normal rhythm of heart beat
40
Q

Calcium absorption

A

Adults absorb 25% of calcium eaten children and pregnant women much more…20-30% of ingested calcium is absorbed

41
Q

Factors that increase Ca absorption

A

Vitamin D… Acid stomach in the first part of the small intestine… Lactose… Growth hormone

42
Q

Factors that decrease Ca absorption

A

Lack of stomach acid… Insufficient Amount of vitamin D… High phosphorus and take that high-fiber diet…

43
Q

Recommended dietary allowance

A

Males and females 14-18 1300mg/day

19-50 1000mg/day

44
Q

Toxicity

A

Over 2.5g may induce constipation, increase of kidney stones

45
Q

P

A

Phosphorus is essential of bone mineral (every 2 calcium is 1 phosphorus)

85% (700g) found n adult bones.

46
Q

Function of phosphorus

A 
Forms part of bone and teeth 
Needed to absorb glucose and glycerol 
Helps move fatty acid 
Essential element of DNA
buffering system
Acid-base balance
Muscle contraction 
Part of casein
47
Q

What is P in

A

Present in almost all foods especially milk milk products liver and other animal protein sources

48
Q

Major contributors to P

A

Protein rich foods and cereal grain plus additive

49
Q

What contains 15-20x’s more phosphorus

A

Meat, poultry, fish

50
Q

How much phosphorus do men and women need

A

1500mg/day men

1000mg/day women

51
Q

Excessive intake or toxicity

A

4000mg/day can cause calcification of nonskeletal tissue like kidneys

52
Q

Magnesium function

A

Needed as a part of bones and muscle
Activator for more than 300enzymes
Trans of nerve impulse

53
Q

DRI

A

Males 19-30=400 older 420

Females 19-30=310 older 320

54
Q

Sources of Mg

A

Highest in nuts legumes unmilled grains all in processed foods contain magnesium

55
Q

Poor sources of Mg

A

Fish meat milk fruit (except bananas)

56
Q

6 Minerals

A

Calcium phosphorus magnesium sodium potassium chloride

57
Q

Function of Iron (Fe)

A

Constituent of hemoglobin in red blood cells and myoglobin and muscle
Essential and transportation of oxygen from the lungs to tissue
Needed for oxidation reduction enzymes

58
Q

Function of chromium

A

Chromium stimulates fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis, which are important for brain function

59
Q

What helps u absorb iron

A

Vitamin c

60
Q

What may chromium help prevent

A

Heart disease

61
Q

Food high in chromium

A

Whole grain products and certain fruits and vegetables like broccoli, potatoes, grape juice, and oranges

bran cereals lean meats, poultry, fish, beans, eggs, and nuts

62
Q

List of electrolytes

A

Potassium and sodium

Nutrition (3 decks)

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