Test 3 Flashcards
1
Q
Most ancient genus of known bacteria
A
Aquifex
2
Q
Most thermophilic of all bacteria
A
Aquifex
3
Q
cells are surrounded by protein covering (toga)
A
Thermotoga
4
Q
Not a thermophile, but had rRNA sequence that is similar to Aquifer, Thermotoga, and Chloroflexi
A
Deinococcus species
5
Q
first isolated by foods sterilized by game radiation
can tolerate up to 5000 g-rays of radiation
stains gram positive due to thick peptidoglycan layer, but has an outer membrane like gram negative
A
Deinococcus species
6
Q
large group of oxygenic phototrophs
A
Cyanobacteria
7
Q
have thylakoids and carboxysome body and grow as filaments
A
Cyanobacteria
8
Q
Fix N2
A
cyanobacteria, heliobacterium species, Azotobacter vinelandii, Rhizobium species, Prochlorococcus
9
Q
have gas vesicles for buoyancy and cause nuisance blooms in freshwater
secrete many neurotoxins
A
cyanobacteria
10
Q
survival stucture formed by Cyanobacteria
A
Akinetes
11
Q
Smallest and most abundant photosynthetic microorganism on earth
A
Prochlorococcus species
12
Q
3 divisions of Gram positive bacteria
A
Firmicutes, mollicutes, and actinobacteria
13
Q
halotolerant, can be found on the skin and mucous membrane
A
Staphylococcus species
14
Q
fermentative bacteria that produce lactic acid
A
Streptococcus/Lactobacillus species
15
Q
can grow in very acid environments
A
Lactobacillus species
16
Q
4 endospore formers
A
Clostridium, Bacillus, Sporosarcina, Heliobacterium
17
Q
Strict anaerobes
Tetanus, botox, gangrene
A
Clostridium species
18
Q
forms crystal in caterpillar’s gut (crystalline inclusion)
A
Bacillus thuringiensis
19
Q
unique among endospore formers because cells are cocci instead of rods
common in soils
A
Sporosarcina species
20
Q
anoxygenic phototrophs; strictly anaerobic
reside in soils and in highly alkaline environments
produce bacteriochlorophyll g
A
Heliobacterium species
21
Q
key components of peptidoglycan are missing
Pleomorphic
pathogenic
A
Tenericutes/Mollicutes
22
Q
example of mollicutes
A
Mycoplasma species
23
Q
“low GC”
A
Firmicutes
24
Q
“High GC”
A
Actinobacteria
25
produce mycelium analogous to mycelium of fungi
reproductive structures called conidia
primarily in soil microorganisms, responsible for earthy odor soils
Streptomyces species
26
produce over 500 distinct antibiotics including ahminoglycosides, tetracyclines, daptomycin, platensimycin
Streptomyces species
27
rod-shaped
acid fast due to mycolic acids
many are slow growers due to waxy/hydrophobic outer later
mycobacterium species
28
Largest and most metabolic group of bacteria
Proteobacteria
29
involved in a mutualistic relationship
alpha proteobacteria
30
fix nitrogen for the plants; plants provide photosynthesis products (can be oxidized to generate energy)
Rhizobium species
31
deficient in most metabolic functions, must get metabolites from host
Rickettsias species
32
very diverse in their degradation capacities
Beta proteobacteria
33
rods and curved rods
| most inhibit aquatic environments
vibrio species (vibrio cholerae)
34
aerobic rod shaped bacteria with polar flagella
| Major biofilm former
Pseudomonas species (pseudomonas aeruginosa)
35
colonize human intestinal tract
| possess relatively simple nutritional requirements
Enteric Bacteria
36
example of mix-acid fermenters
Escherichia coli
37
example of butanediol fermenter
Enterobacter aerogenes
38
universal inhabitants of intestinal tract of humans and warm-blooded animals
synthesize vitamins for host
Escherichia coli
39
food poisoning (pathogenicity island)
Salmonella species
40
Shingellosis (dysentery)
Shingella species
41
free-living, aerobic
large, obligately aerobic rods
can form resting structures (cysts)
produce extensive capsules or slime layers
Azotobacter vinelandii
42
Gliding bacteria, twitching motility
| lifestyle includes consumption of dead organic matter or other bacterial cells
Myxococcus species
43
Parasitic to other bacteria
| grows in periplasm of host, feeding on the biopolymers
Bdellovibrio species
44
Common host and end result of Bdellovibrio species
E. coli
| lysis of host cells
45
smallest group of proteobacteria
| abundant in toxic and anoxic interfaces in sulfur-rich environments
Epsilon proteobacteria
46
cause stomach ulcers
| burrows below protective mucous layer
Heliobacter pylori
47
30% of weight of human fecal material is made of this
Bacteroides species
48
synthesize sphingolipids
Bacteroides species
49
contain chlorosomes
| filamentous anoxygenic phototrophs
Chloroflexus species
50
unusual membrane lipids (cell wall is composed of protein and lacks peptidoglycan
Thermomicrobrobium species
51
green sulfur bacteria
utilize H2S as an electron donor
found at greatest depths of any phototropic organism
Chlorobium species
52
Coiled shaped bacteria usually found in aquatic environment
| motile and possess endoflagella
Spirochetes
53
anaerobic host-associated spirochetes that are commensal or parasites of humans
Treponema species
54
causes syphyilis
Treponema pallidum
55
cause lyme disease
| has a linear chromosome
Borrelia burgdorferi
56
poor metabolic capacity
no peptidoglycan
currently on of the leading sexually transmitted diseases
Chlamydia species
57
most common sexually transmitted bacteria in the US
Venereal disease
58
epidemic in birds that can cause blindness in humans
Psiltacosis
59
leading cause of blindness in humans
Conjuctivitis or trachoma
60
survives outside of host
| similar in function to endospore
small elementary bodies
61
grows within cells
| does not survive outside host
large reticulate body
62
primary aquatic bacteria that reproduce by budding
possess protein stalks for attachment
S layer protein cell wall
Planctomycetes
63
wrinkled microbes
form cytoplasmic extensions called protheca
contain tubulin
Verrucomicrobia
64
require at least 9% NaCl for growth
Extreme Halophiles
65
prevent water loss in hypertonic environment
Halobacterium salinarium
66
very diverse habitats : from marshes to landfills to termite gut
Very diverse cell wall: from pseudomurein to protein/glycoprotein to glycoproteins to S-layer
Methanogens
67
lack cell walls (2)
Thermoplasmatales, Crenarchaeota, Mycoplasma species
68
most strains have been isolated from self-heating coal refuse piles
Thermoplasmatales
69
Unique cytoplasmic membrane structure to tolerate high temperatures and low pH levels
membrane contains lipoglycan consisting of tetra ether lipid monolayer with mannose and glucose
Thermoplasma species
70
Membrane contains glycoproteins but not sterols
Thermoplasma species
71
Grow optimally at 100 degrees C
| highly motile
Hyperthermophiles
72
Example of Hyperthermophile
Pyrococcus species : "fireball"
73
irregular in shape
no cell wall
unique lipid: crenarchaeol
use sulfur containing compounds as electron acceptor
Crenarchaeota
74
one of the smallest cellular organisms
Nanoarchaeota
75
found in Obsidian Pool at Yellowstone
| No pure cultures exist
Korarchaeota
76
Grows chemolithrophically by aerobically oxidizing ammonia
| capable of using CO2 as a carbon source
Thaumarchaeota
77
Which domain has the greatest diversity of size?
Eukaryotes
78
what are fungi cell walls made of
chitin
79
non-motile, most grow hyphae
Fungi
80
unicellular fungi
| reproduce via budding
Yeast
81
One of the most beneficial yeasts (associated with winemaking, making and brewing)
Saccharomyces cervisiae
82
common in habitats where sugars are present
Saccharomyces cervisiae
83
form motile reproductive zoospores, symbiont in bovine rumen
Chytrids
84
frog pathogen
Chytrids
85
non-motile sporangiospores (gametes)
| fuse to form zygospore
Zygomycetes
86
Zygomycete primarily known for food spoilage
Rhizopus species
87
Produce spores called basidiospore
basidiomycetes
88
true mushrooms
basidiomycetes
89
Three groups of algae
Phytoplankton, Chlorophyta, Rhodophyta
90
Four groups of Fungi
yeast, chytrids, zygomycetes, basidiomycetes
91
paired flagella
| stores energy as starch
Phytoplankton
92
Green algae (chlorophyll a)
Chlorophyta
93
red algae (phycoerythrin)
Rhodophyta
94
grow near top of the water
| multiple life forms
Green Algae
95
allows growth in deeper waters
| sulfated sugar polymers: agar (agarose)
Phycoerythrin
96
amorphous shape, move and absorb food using pseudopods
Ameobozoa
97
parasites of verebrates and invertebrates
Entamoeba species
98
Protist that causes severe stomach illness
Entamoeba histolytica
99
Brain eating bacteria, enters through the nose, forms cyst
Naegleria fowleri
100
aggregate to form fruiting body
slime molds
101
shelled ameobas
cercozoa
102
needle-like pseudopods, shells have holes for pseudopods to project from and are made of silica
Radiolarians
103
shells made of calcium carbonate
| indicators of petroleum deposits
Foraminiferans
104
may function to help maintain osmotic balance
Alveoli
105
have extrusomes, microtubules, and multiple cilia or flagella
Alveoli
106
contractile vacuole to maintain osmotic balance
| possess two nuclei
Ciliates
107
```
two long flagella
carotenoids
extrusomes
endosymbionts
biolumenescent
```
Dingoflagellates
108
Red tide
Dingoflagellates
109
when endosymbionts leave the coral
coral bleaching
110
large group of parasitic protists
| NO CILIA
Apicomplexans
111
cause malaria, most important parasitic disease world wide, infects liver and red blood cells
Plasmodium species (P. falciparum)
112
possess kinetoplast: a mass of DNA present in their single, large mitochondria
Trypanosomes species
113
carried by tsete fly, causes African sleeping sickness
Trypanosoma brucei
114
carried by "kissing" bug, causes Chaga's Disease (enlargement of the heart)
Trypanosoma cruzi
115
have two nuclei
| lack mitochondria, possess mitosome
Giardia species
116
causes gastroenteristis (2)
Giardia lamblia, Vibrio cholerae
117
Lack mitochondria but have hydrogenosomes
| Genomes lack introns
Trichomonas species
118
4 Groups of Euryarchaeota
Extreme halophiles, Methanogens, Thermoplasmatales, and Hyperthermophiles
119
located in hydrothermal vents and hot springs
Nanoarchaeota
120
species responsible for bread mold
Rhizopus species
121
unicellular form of chlorophyta that have flagella
Chlamydomonas species
