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Exploring Psychology > Test 3 > Flashcards

Test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Drive - reduction theory

A

Behaviors tied to biological needs (food and water)

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2
Q

Define drive

A

State of tension, being uncomfortable

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3
Q

Ex of drive

A

Water drive Drive= thirst Behavior = drink

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4
Q

What does getting a drink do

A

Reduces drive to satisfy need need for water

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5
Q

Incentive theory

A

Engage in behavior to receive incentive ( secondary reinforcement) leads to behavior

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6
Q

Arousal theory

A

Desire for arousal or excitement leads to behavior Ex; six flags, dancing, driving fast on highway

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7
Q

Yerkes Dodson law

A

Relationship between arousal and performance

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8
Q

Too little arousal

A

Performance sucks

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9
Q

Physiological factors

A

Designed to maintain homeostasis (balanced state) maintain a stable or constant weight “set point”

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10
Q

Negative energy balance;

A

(not eaten food for a long time) food intake is less than amount used for energy

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11
Q

What also happens during negative energy balance

A

Stomach lining secretes hormone called ghrellin that travels to the hypothalamus triggering the drive of hunger

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12
Q

Positive energy balance;

A

Intake of food is more than amount used for energy fat cells are activated, special hormone called leptin, sending messages to hypothalamus. (regulates eating behaviors leading us to feel satisfied (full))

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13
Q

What is an eating disorder

A

eating despite a positive energy balance

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14
Q

Why does this happen when you eat despite a positive Energy balance

A

Because our brain tells his food is appealing, variety, large portions, fast, social activity

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15
Q

What percentage of Americans share the sedentary lifestyle of not excercising

A

40%

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16
Q

Obesity is identified by

A

BMI

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17
Q

Health BMI

A

18-25

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18
Q

Overweight = How much percent as well

A

25-30 30%

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19
Q

Obese What percentage as well

A

30+ 30%

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20
Q

Why are so many people considered over weight

A

BMI standards are strict

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21
Q

Motivation

A

All factors that lead to behaviors

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22
Q

New info ➡️ sensory memory ➡(selective attention) STM➡️ (encoding process) Ltm

A

New information arrives there are sense organs to our sensory memory, it is brief very short amount of time. It differs for vision and hearing. If you pay attention it will go to the short-term memory then you process it

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23
Q

vision and hearing represent

A

sensory memory

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24
Q

vision =

A

iconic memory; last less than .5 seconds gets replaced by new visuals

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25
Hearing =
Echoic memory last up to four seconds
26
With iconic memory
Visual images last as long as an eye blink
27
Sounds enter echoing memory in a
Sequence
28
You combine multiple sounds together to perceive a
Word or sentence
29
STM is Also called
Working memory
30
Working memory or stm is What kind of storage Duration Capacity
Temporary store of information for conscious processing 1.limited duration; up to 20 seconds(if you do nothing with it) 2. Limited capacity; can hold 7 +- 2 bits of info
31
Maintenance rehearsal
Repeat it to tousled to yourself to keep it Beyond 20 seconds. Also used to encode it into LTM
32
Nbc irs omg is
A memory strategy called chunking where you combine individual bits of info into larger units
33
What is encoding
Transferring info from stm to LTM
34
LTM =
Perms and storage, has unlimited capacity
35
Types of encoding
Samantic Procedural Eposodic
36
Samantic;
Encoding facts( residues effortful encoding ) Using maintenance rehearsal or elaborative rehearsal
37
Elaborative rehearsal
Making association with info already in LTM
38
Procedural info
Commands through our muscles for routine motor actions (Automatic encoding)
39
Episodic information
Memory for evens we live through (significant, emotionally events)
40
Recall of episodic memories
Construction errors(make errors when recalling) By; lotus
41
Maslows hiearchy of needs
42
physiological needs for hiarchy
need to satisfy needs such as sleep, water, and food.
43
Safety needs for hiarchy
Prototected from harm, Ex; living in a house
44
Belongingness and love for hiarchy
Its important in todays society. which is why we use social media. Lost connections upset us, such break ups. they can provide some people with depression and anger we enjoy company of family and friends.
45
Esteem for hiarchy
recognized and approved by others approve of self (self esteem)
46
Self aculization
Full potential
47
What is the FIRST reason we construct errors with recalling episodic memories Give an example
Misleading information Ex; have a class watch a video of car accident and ask half of the class to estimate how fast the driver was going when he smashed/or/Bumped into the other car Smashed will havefaster answers
48
What is the SECOND reason we construct errors with recalling episodic memories
suggestions; can implant false memories ex; ask child if he remembers magician falsly will say yes because it sounds good
49
What is the THIRD reason we construct errors with recalling episodic memories
flashbulb memories; memories with alot of detais. overtime, detai's fade
50
What is the FOURTH reason we construct errors with recalling episodic memories
script; refers to a typical sequence of actions in a routine event
51
define forgeting
information lost in the memory system
52
4 reasons we forget
* failure to encode * retrieval failure * storage decay * interference
53
failure to encode
failed to encode somamtic information of facts
54
retieval failure
process of getting info from ltm back stm
55
storage decay
applies when info was encoded years ago and hasmt been retreived in a very long time
56
interference
try to encode alot of information to ltm
57
pro active interference;
old information disrupts encoding of new information
58
Retroactive interference
new info disrupts retrieval of old information
59
how can you limit interference
by adding time in between encoding sessions
60
brain structures are used in
Memory
61
cerebelum/ basal ganglia
used when encoding procedural information
62
what is the hippocampus heavily involved for
the encoding process of semantic and eposodic info to ltm
63
Damage to the hippocums lead to
anterogrude amnesia and caused problems encoding. alzheimerrs is an example of this because people with alzheighmers are unable to encode events.
64
how does the amygdala contribute to memory
main brainstructure whena memory has an emotionaly component, becomes part of neurons that store memories
65
what do association areas of cerebral cortex store
somantic and eposidic memories
66
define thinking
use of mental represenations to process info
67
example of thinking
solving a problem or making a decision
68
define concepts
mental categories of objects or events(list of features); features of a bird; wings, flies, beak, feathers
69
what type of encoding are concepts
somantic information or facts
70
what is a prototype
the best possible example or most typical instance of a concept
71
whats an anagram
scrambled letters
72
what is an alagorithm
set of procedures, if followed correctly, results in right answer
73
alogarithm for anagaram
systematic random search
74
what is an heuristic
short cut strategy
75
types of decision making
* availability heuristic * addative model * elimination by aspect
76
availability hueristic
use most recent/most striking memory for decision making ex; stopping at a stop sign prior to being pulled over while doing a roll through
77
additive model ex
ex; what guy to date 1. list best features 2. rate each option 3. add up rates
78
elimination by aspect
decision is made by eliminating an option that does not have a certain feature
79
why do we use language
for comminucation
80
are thinking and language heavily related?
yes
81
what is inner speach
use of language while we think
82
ages 2-3 use outter \_\_\_\_
speech
83
define language
communicate our thoughts, used to think, and convey our thoughts to others
84
phonemes
individual sounds of a language
85
morphemes
smalles meaningful unit treat = 1 morpheme mistreated(mis.treat.ed)= 3 morphemes
86
semantics
meanings that words refer too
87
Syntax;
rules for combining words together legally
88
what is itelligance measured with
intelligance tests
89
what are intelligence test designed to test for
aptitude
90
who developed intelegence test and who were they mainly designed for
developed by binet and simon designed for children 3-13
91
Define mental age
oldest age in which the child answers questions correctly on a test
92
Sterns intelligent quotient(IQ) formula =
Ma/Ca X 100
93
Modern intelligence test was designed for by who
made by wechsler
94
what are some of the verbal subjects examples of modern IT
Ex; simiarites: given two words to see how the definitions are similar ex; poetry and statue (answer; both represnt a form of art)
95
performence sbtest on modern IT
ex; block design like in class
96
how is scoring done today
1. given large sample of people 2. find average score of all people 3. convert average to 100
97
1. inetellectual developement disorder 2. low averae 3. average 4. high average 5. gifted
1. - 70 (2%) 2. 70-84 (14%) 3. 85-115 (68%) 4. 115-130 (14%) 5. 130+ (2%)
98
theories of itelligence
1. spearman 2. gardbers 3. sternbergs
99
spearmans theheory of intellgence
"g factor" theory your IQ defines your general mental abilities and it shows across domain (shown in everything you do)
100
Gardners theory of intellegence
(multiple intellegences) traditional intellegence test 1. luinguisic 2. logical (math and intelligence) 3. Spacial
101
non traditional items for gardners theory
1. *musical* 2. *odily-kinesthetics (srong athletic skills)* 3. *inter personal ( good social skills) (holds empathy)* 4. *intrapersonal ( being aware of ones self) (street smart* 5. *Naturalistic*
102
sternbergs intelligence theory
Sternbergs 3 intelligence 1. analytical (acedimic intelligences) (reading, math, language) 2. creativity ("**key sign")** (original, novel ideas) (divergent thinker) 3. Practical (how to handle real life situations)
103

Exploring Psychology (4 decks)

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