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SOCY 391: Rural SOCIOLOGY > Test 3 > Flashcards

Test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Natural capital?

A

Charecterized by objects like lland, wanter, air, soil, capital that is natural.

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2
Q

In relation to the Dakota access pipeline, when did the White stone massacare happen?

A

Labor day sep 3 153 years ago

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3
Q

In relation to Ntive americans and natural capital, Elko county nevada was regarded as ______ land?

A

Sacared

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4
Q

What are the three major approaches for understanding a sacared place?

A
  1. Ontological
  2. Phenomenological
  3. Cultural`
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5
Q

In relation to a sacared place, what does ontologial mean?

A

Sepearates sacared from profane.

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6
Q

In relation to a sacared place, what does Phenomological mean?

A

A way of giving a voice to the place itself

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7
Q

In relation to a sacared place hwat does Cultural mean?

A

Conflict over sacared and profane, two cannot be sepearated but tey overlap.

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8
Q

What does Durkheim say about The Sacared and The Profane?

A

Sacared- anything that has sacared properties

profane- anything that’s natural

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9
Q

In relation to Natural capital and droughts, what state in the US has had the most signifigant dorught?

A

California

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10
Q

How long has californias drought lasted?

A

2013-2016

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11
Q

The biggest goal during a drought is to _____ water use

A

reduce

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12
Q

What are the two places that have the most severe dreoughts? (Hint: California and _____(+)

A

Texas

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13
Q

As a result of droughts there is not much change in water consumption in southern california however in ______ california there has been a major change in water consumption?

A

Northern

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14
Q

Limited amount of surface water mnakes rural residents reliant on ________?

A

Groundwater (can be poisoned with arsenic as a result of fracking etc)

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15
Q

In relation to the Vice Documentary on droughts in West Texas, what was the route of the problem?

A

Climate change

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16
Q

In relation to the Vice Documentary on droughts in West Texas, Texas leadership is __________ to combatr climate change

A

doing nothing

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17
Q

In relation to the Vice Documentary on droughts in West Texas, What is a major factor perpetuating their unbelief in human caused climate change?

A

Their belief in god and the bible and that god will mitigate everything

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18
Q

Global warming has an effect on human capital and access to ____ and _____ closings

A

jobs, school

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19
Q

What extractive fossil fuel process requires a lot of water?

A

Fracking , 1.5 million gallons

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20
Q

In relation to Gallup poll on climate change what does the percentage increase of those who believe climate change is human caused?

A

1997 24% to 40% in 2008 to 34% in 2013

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21
Q

In relation to Gallup poll on climate change what does the percentage decrease of those who do not believe climate change is human caused?

A

69- 64%

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22
Q

What are some privatized water companies?

A

United kingdom, first country

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23
Q

What company was illegally bottling water in california?

A

Nestle

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24
Q

Who became the fiorst company to privatize water and in what year?

A

UK 1989

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25
Q

What areas usually control the flow of water, urban or rural areas?

A

Urban

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26
Q

In what region is water becoming increasingly scarce?

A

Southwest

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27
Q

What does an appreciation doctrine state?

A

who has rights to certain bodies of water

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28
Q

What level of government has tyhe most water rights holders?

A

Local governments

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29
Q

In relation to the three definitions of a sacared place, what would provide the best example for naive people (Phenomological, cultural, ontological)

A

All of them because for antive people there is always a religious property

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30
Q

In relation to Native americans and natural capital, Native americans see natural capital as ____ while europeans view natural capital as _____

A

NA: Natural, and cultural
european: financial

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31
Q

In relation to Mineral rights: if you do not own the land but own the resources that kind of OWNERSHIP IS?

A

Absentee

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32
Q

Natural capital is defined through those ______ there in the area

A

Living

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33
Q

In realtion to conflict over land use and cemetaries what is an examnple that highlights this conflict?

A

Mountain top removal in west va, the project could be happening around the cemetary and could limit the access of a family to eneter there own family cemetary sight

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34
Q

What is the definition of Built capital?

A

Permanenet facilities and services , supporting of businesses and community life

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35
Q

How do tax incentives play into built capital?

A

Factories, chemical plants prisons. Brings jobs, but definitely does not support local economy

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36
Q

In relation to Access and Consumption, what does Inclusive Access mean?

A

It’s accessible to all users

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37
Q

In relation to Access and Consumption, what does Exclusive access mean?

A

Some groups have it, some groups are denied access

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38
Q

In relation to Access and Consumption, what does What does joint consumption mean?

A

All users can use it

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39
Q

In relation to Access and Consumption, what does Rival Consumption mean?

A

Only certain user can use it

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40
Q

In relation to Access and Consumption, what is Rival Consumption usually always defined by?

A

How much something costs

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41
Q

In relation to Access and Consumption, what would private goods be defined as?

A

Exclusive and Rival (landfills)

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42
Q

In relation to Access and Consumption, what is an example of exclusive and joint ?

A

Toll roads, still limited to groups of people

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43
Q

In relation to Access and Consumption, what is an example of Inclusive and rival?

A

School bulding Limited in some way

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44
Q

In relation to Access and Consumption, what is an example of inclusive and joint?

A

Collective goods, street sidewalks, public parks

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45
Q

In relation to Webers Rationality, what is formal rationality?

A

Logical, economic calculations of profits or loss

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46
Q

In relation to Webers Rationality, what is Substantive rationality?

A

Decisions made on the basis of values , culture

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47
Q

Are rural water systrems more likely to be public or private?

A

Private

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48
Q

How much would it cost to make improvements to rural water systems?

A

Billions

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49
Q

In relation to solid waste, _____ areas are transporting waste to ______ areas (Urban/rural)?

A

Urban, rural

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50
Q

The Kim-stan landfill company in Selma VA is _______ (Public/private)?

A

Private

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51
Q

The Kim-stan landfill company in Selma VA closed in _____

A

1990

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52
Q

The Kim-stan landfill company in Selma VA cleanup in 1990 cost us taxpayers _____% and VA Taxpayers ____%

A

90, 10

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53
Q

In realtion to transportation and infrastructure in rural areas bridge quality is outdated, and ____.__% is structurally defecient or obsolete?

A

19.4%

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54
Q

In relation to public transportation in rural areas it is ________

A

Almost non exsistent

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55
Q

What did the Bus regulatory reform act of 1982 state?

A

You should at least offer some sort of access to a service

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56
Q

In relation to public tranjhsportation what are the arguments made for formal rationality and substantive rationality?

A

Formal- if no one uses it why do we need it

Substantive- people need it to get to work

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57
Q

In relation to telecommunications in rural areas, Rural areas are ______ likely to have ________ internet access

A

Less, broadband

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58
Q

What is the definition of conspicuious consumption?

A

Purchase made for social rather than biological need

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59
Q

In the past urban residents were the _______ and rural residents were the _______

A

consumers, producers

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60
Q

What was the voter turnout in the 2016 presidential election? (percentage)

A

55.4%

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61
Q

More rural counties in the past 45 elections voted more _______ than usual

A

Republican

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62
Q

Why is black friday popular in rural areas?

A

Because of lower prices

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63
Q

What are the popular mediums used for advertising?

A

Radio, television

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64
Q

Segmented marketplaces are targeted at who?

A

Specific auidiences

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65
Q

US Advertisers continure to shift to _____ ads?

A

Online

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66
Q

What are the impacts of consumerism to human capital

A

Poor health, physical inacrtivity

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67
Q

What are the impacts of consumerism to social capital

A

decreased ineraction

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68
Q

What are the impacts of consumerism to Natural capital?

A

Producing commodities, waste

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69
Q

What are the impacts of consumerism to Financial capital

A

low rates of savings, debt

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70
Q

What are the impacts of consumerism to built capital?

A

Transition to sustainable consumption

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71
Q

What are the impacts of consumerism to political capital?

A

Policies for sustainability

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72
Q

In relation to the “Violent Remaking of Appalachia” what happened in 1921?

A

Battle of blair mtn for 5 days

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73
Q

In relation to the “Violent Remaking of Appalachia” what was the major coal mining union?

A

United mine workers of america (UMWA)

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74
Q

In relation to the “Violent Remaking of Appalachia” What was the change in employeed moners from 1950 to now

A

150,000 to 20,000

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75
Q

In relation to the “Violent Remaking of Appalachia” What is Strip mining

A

Blowing up parts of mnts to get to the coal easier

76
Q

In relation to the “Violent Remaking of Appalachia” how has the ecosystem changed?

A

500 mnts disfigured, water system changed

77
Q

In relation to the “Violent Remaking of Appalachia” is coal an expensive or inexpensive source of energy?

A

inexpensive

78
Q

In relation to the “Violent Remaking of Appalachia” what countries boom increased global coal demand?

A

China/india

79
Q

In relation to the “Violent Remaking of Appalachia” When was the clean water act passed?

A

1972

80
Q

In relation to coal mining sites, is it true or false that in these areas ion 1999 and 2002 it was found that these site violated the act?

A

Yes this is true

81
Q

Coal mining was a process that required going into _____ mines?

A

Deep mines

82
Q

MTR mountain top removal has a higher coincentration in?

A

West va and the appalachian region in the east

83
Q

What are somne forms of alternative energy?

A

Hybrid cars, solar and wind energy

84
Q

The renewable energy production tax gave more incentive to?

A

Develop and produce more renewable energy

85
Q

In 2014 the infrastructure with the most new poweplants was?

A

Natural gas

86
Q

in 2015 the infrastructure with the most new powerplants was ______ and the onfrastructure on the rise was ______

A

Natural gas, solar

87
Q

What are some examples of built capital?

A

Road, bridges, housing, telephone, schools, water services, airports, police stations, hospitals,

88
Q

Quality in equality (P. 286)****

A

–

89
Q

wHAT TWO STATES HAVE THE WORST ROAD SYATEM?

A

Rhoad island, west va

90
Q

Trick or treating didnt start until when?

A

WW2

91
Q

ON Nov 7 what state chcnaged to a battle ground state right before election?

A

North carloina

92
Q

In relation to the change in median household income in 2007 the median household income in urban areas was _____ and in rural areas it was_______

A

55,000

48,000

93
Q

In relation to the change in median household income in 2013 the median household income in urban areas was _____ and in rural areas it was_______

A

54,000

42,000

94
Q

In relation to new societal trends There is increased demand, production, options and ________ shopping

A

Internet

95
Q

In relation to food consumption by country the food expenditure for Japan fo 1 week was?

A

317.25

96
Q

In relation to food consumption by country the food expenditure for Italy for a week was?

A

$260.11

97
Q

In relation to food consumption by country the food expenditure for Chad for a week was?

A

$1.23

98
Q

In relation to food consumption by country the food expenditure for Kuwait for a week was?

A

$221

99
Q

In relation to food consumption by country the food expenditure for US for a week was?

A

341.98

100
Q

In relation to food consumption by country the food expenditure for mexico for a week was?

A

$189

101
Q

In relation to food consumption by country the food expenditure for China for a week was?

A

$185

102
Q

What are the FOUR forces in rural consumption?

A

Consolidation of retail and services

changes in labor forces

Advertising, cultural trends

Inccreased income inequaliuty

103
Q

In relation to consolodation what is central place theory?

A

Population centers are geograsphically organozed into heirarchiacal retail and public service markets

104
Q

In lovettsville va they have _______ local businesses more _____ stores more _______ and international companies

A

declining, more, national

105
Q

When did walmart open?

A

1962

106
Q

What are the pros of walmart

A

cheap, variety, one place, jobs

107
Q

What are the Cons of walmart?

A

Destroys local bsnesses, mostly emplys part time , contributes to lower social capital, effects human capital directly, dont offer benefits

108
Q

Wal mart is the double edged sword for rural america T O F

A

T

109
Q

____ OUT OF THE TOP 10 WEALTHIEST PEOPLE IN THE WORLD ARE WAL MART CHILDREN?

A

3

110
Q

In early 2016 how many stores did walmart close?

A

154

111
Q

How many stores does wal mart have notionwide?

A

4,500

112
Q

What are food deserts?

A

Places that lack access to fresh and healthy food options

113
Q

Speaking about food deserts, what does Low access mean?

A

Lives more than ten miles from a large food store

114
Q

What percentage of the population lives in a low access area?

A

One half

115
Q

What region has the most no car or no supermarkets within 1 mile?

A

Southeast

116
Q

What is globalization?

A

Worldwide integration of gov policies cultures soocial movements and financial markets

117
Q

What is globalization charecterized by (HINT: ________ labor)

A

Outsourcing labor

118
Q

How does Karl Marx describe his term alienantion?

A

A condition or state of being caused by living in a capitalstic society

119
Q

Karl marx said you are alienated by your own ________ force?

A

Creative

120
Q

Alienation will happen to the worker : T O F?

A

T

121
Q

Referencing alienation, what is your creative force?

A

Your trade or your skill

122
Q

When you feel like you don’t have many options you are limited by your creative force: T O F?

A

True

123
Q

In How your chicken is produced, The lack of control really exemplifies what karl marx was getting at with his theoretical concept of alienation?: T O F?

A

True

124
Q

Capitalist=? Worker=?

A

Owns means of production/// labor

125
Q

How much money does it take to make a chicken coup?

A

300,000

126
Q

What four ways are the worker alienated?

A
  1. from production they produce
  2. from production process
  3. from other people- co workers, friends
  4. from ourselves and our creative force
127
Q

What is the definition for Biodiversity?

A

Variety of life in all its forms levels and combinations

128
Q

Los angeles had water rights untill ______?

A

2006

129
Q

Exported water to LA

A
130
Q

When the water was exported to LA the Salienity _______ it ______ the ecosystem and produced _____ air quality?

A

doubled, altered, poor

131
Q

What does invasive species mean?

A

Not native to the ecosystem

132
Q

What does introduction of an invasive speies cause?

A

Causes economic and environmental harm

133
Q

What is an example of an invasive species?

A

Kudza from japan

134
Q

What county prohibity hydrofracturing byproducts?

A

Fayette county, WV

135
Q

Fracking, leads to various health problems such as?

A

Cncer and other health ailments

136
Q

One gas is labeled as the number one toxin?

A

Methane

137
Q

Pregant women living near fracking in PA have a _____% higher risk of giving birth to premature babies

A

40%

138
Q

What areas are the main fracking sites in the US?

A

Texas, pensenlvania and midwest

139
Q

What was the major oil spill in 2010 called, who committed it?

A

BP oil spill, gulf of mexico

140
Q

In gasland 2 what was community capital?

A

Negative impacts to the communities for decades, hurts fishing communities because they rely on fishing for their livelihood

141
Q

In gasland 2 what was cultural capital?

A

Lack of jobs due to the ecosystem being destroyed, family time decresed

142
Q

Safe drinking water act did not contain chemicals in _________?

A

Hydaulic fracturing

143
Q

Talk about BP and the Power elite theory?

A

Lobbyist and politicians are paid to support the gas industry

144
Q

What ar the three main sectors of World systems theory?

A

core, semi periphery, and periphery

145
Q

In relation to World systems theory what are core countries?

A

1st world, in charge of flobal economy, have high profit consumption

146
Q

In relation to World systems theory what are Periphery countries characterized by?

A

Cheap labor and raw materials, no strict labor laws, materials go straight back to the core

147
Q

What countries fall under semi periphery countries?

A

China, south korea, brazil

148
Q

In the global economy, what country is producing the most as of 2013?

A

China= 23.2%

149
Q

What are the worlds top 5 biggest employers?

A
  1. US dept. of defense
  2. peoples liberation army
  3. wal mart
  4. mcdonalds
  5. Uk national health service
150
Q

How many folks does the US Dpartment of defense employ?

A

3.2 M

151
Q

In the New global economy we are ____ dependent on natural resources

A

Less

152
Q

In the new global economy we are _____ dependent on labor?

A

Less

153
Q

In the new global economy we export ______ and and our economy has moved to ______ sector jobs

A

Wealth, service

154
Q

What are commodities

A

Bulk natural resources or manufactured products bought and sold on markets

155
Q

In rural areas they have ______ control of local economy?

A

Less

156
Q

Coal exports are (high/low)

A

High

157
Q

What does World systems theory look at?

A

economic Relationship between countries

158
Q

Who overtook the US as number one producer of manufacturing?

A

China

159
Q

In relation to World systems theory, rural communities have been so ______ because of globaloization?

A

Disconnected

160
Q

What is the World trade Organization’s job?

A

less tariffs, easier on corporations, makes standars, rules and regulations

161
Q

What is NAFTA?

A

North american free trade agreement

162
Q

Who is NAFTA between?

A

Us, Mexico, and Canada

163
Q

`What is the IMF?

A

International monetary fund

164
Q

What does the IMF do?

A

Makes loans and payments to countries

165
Q

Global economy is based off of ________ power?

A

Corporate

166
Q

In relaion to world systems theory, what countries are borrowing more from the IMF? (Core, Semi-periphery, periphery)

A

Periphery

167
Q

In relations ot the most countries in debt, what country has 19.5 trillion debt?

A

US

168
Q

What are exchange rates?

A

Set the value of nations currencies, tradfe

169
Q

What are fixed exchange rates?

A

Fixed, standard

170
Q

What was the Bretton woods agreement of1944, and what major historical period did it occur in?

A

WW2 and it set the fixed standard for everybody

171
Q

What are floating exchange rates?

A

Allowed value to change with demand

172
Q

What is inflation?

A

Sharp rises in prices

173
Q

As a result of inflation in the 1970’s what do farmers start to do?

A

They begin borrowing money

174
Q

What is the Farm credit system?

A

A lending insititution

175
Q

What happened in the 1980s to farmers specifically?

A

Farm debt crisis

176
Q

For farmers what is a high valued commodity?

A

Corn

177
Q

What type of debt is the largest right now in the US?

A

Student debt

178
Q

What is the freedom to farm act of 1996?

A

Fixed payment plan, farem subsoidies

179
Q

When was there a boom in rural manufacturing? (HINT: 1960- _____)?

A

1960-1980

180
Q

In relation to Movement of workers in migration and outmigration what ethnic group migrated in for RAILRAOD work?

A

Chinese

181
Q

In relation to Movement of workers in migration and outmigration what ethnic group migrated in for Coal mine work?

A

Europeans

182
Q

In the 1900’s on many people wanted a white collar or _______ job

A

Proffessional

183
Q

Many youth migrate out to _____?

A

Cities

184
Q

People are less likely to migrate from what region?

A

Midwest/greatplains/dakotas

185
Q

People are more likely to migrate from what region?

A

West coast/ Flordia

186
Q

How much migration loss did NY expirence in the past few years?

A

127, 842

187
Q

How much in migration did Dallas experience in the past few years?

A

52,333

SOCY 391: Rural SOCIOLOGY (3 decks)

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