Test 3 Flashcards
(86 cards)
1
Q
Technique Errors
A
Conecut films, misplaced films, backward films, underexposed films, double exposure, and light exposure
2
Q
Is the absence of teeth without explanation of extraction, the main cause is congenitally missing teeth and is very common
A
Anodontia
3
Q
Extra teeth usually with no space for eruption
A
Supernumerary Teeth
4
Q
What is dens in dente?
A
Tooth within a tooth
5
Q
Excessive Cementum formation, appears as a radiopaque band along all or part of a root surface
A
Hypercementosis
6
Q
Sharp bend in the root, usually in premolars
A
Dilaceration
7
Q
Contains a very large pulp chamber and very short roots; normally a mandibular molar
A
Tauradontia
8
Q
Gemination
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Single tooth but divides into 2 teeth, 1 root but has 2 crowns, NOT the fusion of two teeth.
9
Q
Involves the enamel and is two teeth joined or connected almost always at the crown.
A
Fusion
10
Q
Concresence
A
When the cementum of 2 adjacent teeth is joined or fused, hard to determine, appears as overlapping roots.
11
Q
Malformation of dentin.
A
Dentinogenesis Imperfecta
12
Q
Amelogenesis Imperfecta
A
Malformation of enamel.
13
Q
What causes a Periapical Abscess?
A
Bacteria that has reached the pulp and caused irreversible pulp damage.
14
Q
Fluid filled or semi solid area that appears RL on a radiograph.
A
Cyst
15
Q
Dentigerous Cyst
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Most often with supernumerary teeth but includes impacted teeth as well
16
Q
Includes any cyst formed because of a tooth so may be Periapical, residual, dentigerous.
A
Odontogenic Cyst
17
Q
Nonodontogenic Cyst
A
Any cyst not arising from a tooth
18
Q
Type of Odontogenic tumor that is a large RL area of enamel origin with mono or multilocular that gives a soap bubble appearance and is very rare.
A
Ameloblastoma
19
Q
Most common type of Odontogenic tumor and is a small misshappened mass of teeth RO with a RL fibrous capsule resembling a cyst.
A
Odontoma
20
Q
Type of Odontogenic tumor that’s a cementifying fibroma usually on mandibular anteriors in women and require no treatment.
A
Cementoma
21
Q
Primary teeth undergo in response to erupting permanent teeth, can also be caused by idiopathic or iatrogenic(dentist caused) causes.
A
Tooth Resorption
22
Q
What causes retained roots?
A
Primary tooth root tips, crown has decayed completely away, or the dentist left in extraction
23
Q
Salivary stones that are deposits of calcium salts in salivary glands or ducts.
A
Sialoliths
24
Q
Condensing Osteitis
A
Sclerosis or hardening bone as a result of infection
25
Osteosclerosis
Abnormally dense bone not a result of infection
26
Localized overgrowth on bone such as a torus or tori that may occur on the hard tissue of the palate or the lingual surfaces of the mandible.
Exostosis; most common on the buccal of the maxillary molars area
27
Fractures
Appear as thin RL lines similar to nutrient canals, may or may not line up bone to bone.
28
Extends from the alveolar bone between the maxillary central incisors to the posterior hard palate. Appears as thin RL line.
Median Palatine Suture
29
Opening or hole in bone located at the midline of the anterior portion of hard palate directly posterior to maxillary centrals.
Incisive Foramen; appears as a small, ovoid or round RL area located between roots of max. Centrals
30
Tuberosity
Rounded prominence of bone; an example is the maxillary tuberosity
31
Smooth depressed area of the maxilla located just inferior and medial to the infra orbital Foramen between max. Canine and lateral incisors. RL area Btwn max. Canine and lateral incisor.
Lateral Fossa
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Appears as a large radiolucent area above the maxillary incisors.
Nasal Cavity
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Vertical bony wall that Appears as a RO partition that divides the nasal cavity.
Nasal Septum
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Bony wall formed by palatal processes of maxilla and the horizontal portions of palatine bones that appears as a RO band.
Floor of nasal cavity
35
Anterior Nasal Spine
Sharp projection of the maxilla located at the anterior and inferior portion of the nasal cavity, appears as a V-shaped RO area located at the intersection of the floor of the nasal cavity and nasal septum.
36
Paired cavities or compartments of bone located within the maxilla and located superior to maxillary premolar and molar teeth; appears as a RL area located superior to the apices of maxillary premolars and molars.
Maxillary sinus
37
Inverted Y
Intersection of the maxillary sinus and the nasal cavity as viewed on a dental image; RO upside down Y formed by intersection of lateral wall of nasal fossa and ant border of max sinus, it's located superior to max canine.
38
Appears as a RO bulge distal to the third molar region, round prominence of bone that extends posterior to third molar region.
Maxillary Tuberosity
39
Appears as a RO hooklike projection posterior to the maxillary tuberosity area extending from the medial pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone.
Hamulus
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"Cheek bone" composed of dense cortical bone, appears as a diffuse RO band extending posteriorly from zygomatic process of maxilla.
Zygoma
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Dense Outer layer of bone, also referred to as compact bone and appears RO on radiograph.
Cortical bone
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Soft spongy bone located between two layers of dense cortical bone and appears RL and arranged like a lattice.
Cancellous Bone
43
Process
Marked prominence or projection of bone; an example is the corona is process of the mandible.
44
A linear prominence or projection of bone; an example is the external oblique ridge of the mandible.
Ridge
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Sharp, thorn-like projection of bone; an example is the anterior nasal spine of the maxilla.
Spine
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A small bump or nodule of bone; an example is genial tubercles.
Tubercle
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Tube-like passageway through bone that contains nerves and blood vessels.
Canal; an example is the mandibular canal.
48
Opening or hole in bone that permits the passage of nerves and blood vessels.
Foramen; for example mental Foramen.
49
Broad, shallow, scooped-out or depressed area of bone.
Fossa; for example submandibular fossa of the mandible.
50
Hollow space, cavity, or recess in bone.
Sinus; for example the maxillary sinus.
51
Immovable joint that represents a line of union between adjoining bones of the skull, appears as a thin radiolucent line.
Suture; an example is the median palatal suture of the maxilla.
52
What does the maxilla form?
The floor of the orbit of the eyes, sides and floor of the nasal cavities, and hard palate.
53
Wafer-thin, curved plates of bone that extend from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity and appear as a diffuse radiopaque mass or projection within the nasal cavity.
Inferior Nasal Conchae
54
Where is the Nasal Spine located?
Above the central incisors.
55
Where is the Maxillary Sinus located?
Above Pre-molars and Molars.
56
Bony projection of the maxilla that articulates with the Zygoma or Malar (cheek bone), appears as a J or U shaped radiopacity located superior to the Max. First molar region.
Zygomatic Process of the Maxilla
57
What are the 3 main parts of the mandible?
Ramus: vertical portion of the mandible that is found posterior to the Third molar.
Body: horizontal U-shaped portion that extends from Ramus to Ramus.
Alveolar Process: portion of mandible that encases and supports the teeth.
58
Tiny opening or hole in bone located on the internal surface of the mandible, surrounded by genial tubercles, and appears RL dot located inferior to the apices of the mandibular incisors.
Lingual Foramen
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Tube-like passageways through bone that contain nerves and blood vessels that supply the teeth and appear as vertical RL lines.
Nutrient Canals
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Linear prominence of cortical bone located on the external surface of the anterior portion of the mandible and appears as a thick RO band that extends from premolar region to the incisor region.
Mental Ridge
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Scooped-out depressed area of bone located on the external surface of the anterior mandible, and appears RL above the mental ridge in the mandibular incisor region.
Mental Fossa
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Opening or hole in the bone located on the external surface of the mandible in the region of the mandibular premolars and appears RL.
Mental Foramen
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Tube-like passageway through bone that travels the length of the mandible and appears as a RL band outlined by two thin RO lines that represent the cortical walls of the canal.
Mandibular Canal
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Linear prominence of bone located on the internal surface of the mandible that extends downward and forward from the Ramus and appears RO.
Internal Oblique Ridge/ Mylohyoid Ridge
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Linear prominence of bone located on the external surface of the body of the mandible and appears as a RO band extending downward and forward from the ant. Border of the Ramus of the mandible.
External Oblique Ridge
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Scooped-out, depressed area of bone located on the internal surface of the mandible inferior to the Mylohyoid ridge and appears as a RL area in the molar region below the Mylohyoid ridge.
Submandibular Fossa
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Marked prominence of bone on the ant. Ramus of the mandible, and appear on max. Molar PA as a triangular RO superimposed over or inferior to the max. Tuberosity region.
Coronoid Process
68
Enamel
Outermost RO layer of the crown of a tooth and densest structure found in the human body.
69
Found beneath the enamel layer of a tooth and surrounds the pulp cavity and appears RO and makes up majority of tooth.
Dentin
70
Junction between the dentin and the enamel of the tooth and appears as a very RO line.
Dentinoenamel Junction
71
Relatively radiolucent and contains blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics.
Pulp Cavity
72
Anatomic landmarks of the alveolar process.
Lamina Dura: wall of tooth socket that surrounds the root of tooth and appears as a dense RO line.
Alveolar Crest: coronal portion of alveolar bone between teeth and appears RO located 1.5 to 2.0 mm below CEJ.
PDL space: Btwn the root of tooth and the lamina dura and appears as a RL line around root of tooth.
73
Quality Assurance
Planning, implementation, and evaluation of procedures to produce high quality radiographs with maximum diagnostic information while minimizing the radiation exposure.
74
Series of test to assure that the radiographic system is functioning properly and that the radiographs produced are of an acceptable level of quality.
Quality Control
75
X-Ray machine monitoring
Radiation output, time accuracy, mA and kV settings, focal spot size, filtration, collimation, beam alignment, tube head stability
76
Quality control objectives
Maintain high standard of image quality, ID problems BEFORE image quality is compromised, Keep the pt and occupational radiation exposure to a minimum, and Reduce the number of retakes
77
Place unexposed film in fixed for 4 mins or when film clears whichever comes first, if film does not clear after 4 mins or less, the fixer needs replaced.
Clearing Time Test
78
Monitored by using stepwedge which is a device with layered metal steps of varying thickness to determine film density and contrast.
Output Consistency Test
79
Monitors Safelight and darkroom conditions with use of a coin on an unwrapped film and leave under light for 2-3 mins, if coin visible on film then safelight fails.
Coin Test
80
Monitors darkroom and ensures there's no light seepage around door.
Light Test
81
Uses of Radiographs
Inspection of teeth, bone, lesions, diagnosis
82
What's the radiographers responsibilities?
Properly trained, properly qualified, proficient, patient protection, operator protection, patient education, competent and efficient, and Quality care.
83
Malpractice/Negligence
Failure to use a reasonable amount of care related to the standard of care which results in injury.
84
Penetrate soft tissues or bone (such as needles,forceps,scalers) and must be sterilized or disposable.
Critical Objects
85
Contact but do not penetrate must be sterilized by heat or chemical( mirrors,burrs,XCP).
Semi-Critical Objects
86
Do not come in contact with mucous membrane(lead apron,PID,ring of XCP), use of intermediate disinfection to sterilize.
Non-critical Objects
