Flashcards in Test 3 Deck (78)
Loading flashcards...
1
any behavior, belief, or condition that violates significant social norms of a society or group in which it occurs
deviance
2
a form of deviance that violates our criminal law and is punishable with fines, jail terms, and/or other negative sanctions
crime
3
the systematic practices that social groups develop in order to encourage conformity to norms, rules, and laws and to discourage deviance
social control
4
the systematic study of crime and the criminal justice system
criminology
5
said criminals could be identified by physical traits; called the father of criminology because he was the first to study crime; he worked in prisons and found that a lot of criminals look a lot alike - looked more primitive
Caesare Lombroso
6
said body shape predicts criminality; if you are a mesomorph, you are more likely to be a violent criminal
William Sheldon
7
quiet, fragile personality - lean, delicate build
ecfomorph
8
assertive personality - muscular build
mesomorph
9
relaxed, tolerant personality - plump build
endomorph
10
said powerfully built sons grow up to be less sensitive to others because of how they are raised
Sheldon and Eleanor Glueck
11
found that "good boys" display a strong conscience, while "bad boys" demonstrate a weak conscience
Waller Reckless and Simon Dinitz
12
personality controls impulses to become deviant (this theory leaves out the social context of the deviant/non-deviant person; why are some sub-groups more deviant?)
Containment Theory
13
people feel strain when exposed to cultural goals that they cannot meet
Robert Merton's Social Strain Theory
14
argues that deviant labels are applied to people who interfere with the operation of capitalism
Spitzer
15
once you have been labeled deviant or not, it is a self-fulfilling prophecy
Lemert's Labeling Theory
16
little effect on a person's self-concept
primary deviance
17
person begins to take on a deviant identity
secondary deviance
18
one becomes deviant after one associates with deviants
Differential Association Theory/The Sutherland Theory
19
the breakdown of communal relationships leads to the lack of local connections, which leads to low levels of supervision and controls, which leads to deviance
Social Disorganization Theory
20
a criminal act against a person or person's property by an offender motivated by racial or other bias
hate crime
21
theft, vandalism, arson; doesn't physically hurt others
crimes against property
22
no readily apparent victims; ex: drug use
victimless crime
23
comprises illegal activités committed by people in the course of their employment or financial affairs
occupational/white collar crimes
24
business operations that supply illegal goods and services for profit
organized crime
25
illegal acts committed by corporate employees on behalf of the corporation and with its support
corporate crime
26
fraud, scamming
internet crime
27
illegal or unethical acts involving the use of power by government officials or act perpetrated against the government by outsiders seeking to make a political statement, undermine the government or overthrow it
political crime
28
refers to the local, state, and federal agencies that enforce laws, adjudicate crimes, and treat and rehabilitate criminals; the courts, police, and punishment and corrections
criminal justice system
29
any action designed to deprive a person of things of value (including liberty) because of some offense the person is thought to have committed
punishment
30
