Test 3 Flashcards
(157 cards)
1
Q
The digestive system consists of what
A
Accessary gland and alimentary canal
2
Q
What organs does the alimentary canal contain
A
Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and anus
3
Q
Long, muscular tube that carries food and saliva to the stomach
A
Esophagus
4
Q
How long is the esophagus
A
10’’ long and 3/4’’ diameter
5
Q
What are the layers of the esophagus
A
Fibrous, muscular, submucosal, mucosal
6
Q
Where does the esophagus originate
A
C6, mid-sag
7
Q
The esophagus is posterior to
A
Trachea and heart
8
Q
The expanded portion of the terminal esophagus
A
Cardiac antrum
9
Q
Dilated sac-like portion of the digestive tract between the esophagus and small intestine
A
Stomach
10
Q
What are the layers of the stomach
A
Fibrous, muscular, submucosal, mucosal
11
Q
Immediately around esophageal opening
A
Cardia
12
Q
Superior portion, fills dome of left hemidiaphragm
A
Fundus
13
Q
When upright, the stomach has
A
Gas bubbles
14
Q
Body
A
Starts at cardiac notch, ends at angular notch
15
Q
Rugae
A
Inner mucosal layer, smooth when stomach is full
16
Q
Pyloric antrum and narrow pyloric canal communicates with
A
Duodenal bulb
17
Q
Right border of stomach that begins at esophagogastric junction and ends at pyloris
A
Lesser curvature
18
Q
Left border of stomach that begins at cardiac notch and ends at pyloris
A
Greater curvature
19
Q
Opening between esophagus and stomach controlled by cardiac sphincters
A
Cardiac orifice
20
Q
Opening between stomach and duodenum controlled by pyloric sphincter
A
Pyloric orifice
21
Q
Where is the stomach located in hypersthenic patients
A
Horizontal and high
22
Q
Where is the stomach located in asthenic patients
A
Vertical and low
23
Q
Functions of the stomach
A
Storage area for food and breaks down food mechanically and chemically
24
Q
The small intestine extends from
A
Pyloric sphhlincter to ileocecal valve
25
What occurs in the small intestine
Digestion and absorption
26
What is the length of the small intestine
22 ft and 1-1.5 in diameter
27
The small intestine has how many layers
4
28
The mucosa has finger-like projections called
Villi
29
Portions of the small intestine
Duodenum, jejunum, ileum
30
Duodenum is how long
8''-10'' long
31
Widest portion of the small intestine
Duodenum
32
Most fixed portion of the small intestine
Duodenal loop
33
First region of duodenum (superior)
Duodenum bulb
34
Second region of duodenum
Descending: near head of pancreas and liver
35
Third region of duodenum
Horizontal and inferior
36
Fourth region of duodenum
Ascending: joins jejunum at duodenojejunal flexure
37
Upper 2/5th of the small intestine
Jejunum
38
Lower 3/5th of the small intestine
Ileum
39
Freely movable loops
Gyri
40
Large intestine
Begins at right, iliac region and ends at anus
41
Parts of large intestine
Cecum, colon, rectum, anal canal
42
How long is the large intestine
5' long
43
Taeniae coli
3 thickened bands of external longitudinal muscle
44
Functions of the large intestine
Reabsorption of fluid and elimintaion of waste
45
Pouch-like portion of large intestine below junction of ileum and colon
Cecum
46
How long is the cecum
2.5'' long and 3'' in diameter
47
Ileocecal valve
Below junction of ascending colon and cecum
48
The alimentary canal is how long
30 ft
49
The mixture of food and secretions of the stomach is termed
Chyme
50
What is the length of the small intestine
22 ft and 1-1.5 in diameter
51
The small intestine has how many layers
4
52
The mucosa has finger-like projections called
Villi
53
Portions of the small intestine
Duodenum, jejunum, ileum
54
Duodenum is how long
8''-10'' long
55
Widest portion of the small intestine
Duodenum
56
Most fixed portion of the small intestine
Duodenal loop
57
First region of duodenum (superior)
Duodenum bulb
58
Second region of duodenum
Descending: near head of pancreas and liver
59
Third region of duodenum
Horizontal and inferior
60
Fourth region of duodenum
Ascending: joins jejunum at duodenojejunal flexure
61
Upper 2/5th of the small intestine
Jejunum
62
Lower 3/5th of the small intestine
Ileum
63
Freely movable loops
Gyri
64
Large intestine
Begins at right, iliac region and ends at anus
65
Parts of large intestine
Cecum, colon, rectum, anal canal
66
How long is the large intestine
5' long
67
Taeniae coli
3 thickened bands of external longitudinal muscle
68
Functions of the large intestine
Reabsorption of fluid and elimintaion of waste
69
Pouch-like portion of large intestine below junction of ileum and colon
Cecum
70
How long is the cecum
2.5'' long and 3'' in diameter
71
Ileocecal valve
Below junction of ascending colon and cecum
72
The alimentary canal is how long
30 ft
73
The mixture of food and secretions of the stomach is termed
Chyme
74
The first portion of the duodenum is
duodenal bul
75
The hepatopancreatic ampulla opens into the
greater duodenal papilla
76
The duodenum joins the jejunum at the
duodenojejunal flexure
77
Large intestine is how long
5'long
78
Series of pouches that make up large intestine
haustra
79
Wormlike attachment of the cecum
vermiform appendix
80
Passes superiorly from the junction with the cecum to undersurface of the liver
ascending colon
81
The ascending colon joins the transverse colon at
right colic flexure
82
longest movable part of the colon
transverse
83
The transverse colon joins the descending colon at
left colic flexure
84
What is a "s" shaped loop that joins the rectum at s-3
sigmoid colon
85
The rectum is how long
6 inches
86
Inflammation of the appendix
appendicitis
87
Condition of diverticula in the colon without inflammation
diverticulosis
88
inflammation of diverticula
diverticulitis
89
A pouch created by the herniation of the mucous membrane through the muscular coat
diverticulum
90
Protrusion of the stomach through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm h
Hiatal hernia
91
Telescoping of a portion of the bowel
intussusception
92
A contraction of waves that provides movement throughout the GI tract
peristalsis
93
Barium usually reaches the rectum within
24 hours
94
what allows us to view the alimentary canal dynamically
fluoroscopy
95
Water insoluble salt used in exams of the alimentary canal
barium sulfate
96
two factors that speed barium travels through the GI
temp, consistency, motile function of the canal, suspension medium
97
Why is iodinated contrast inferior to barium sulfate studies of the small intestine
it dilutes in the small intestine
98
What type of contrast is used for a perforated bowel
water-soluble iodinated
99
What is a con of using water-soluble contrast
bitterness and hyperosmolar
100
Why is short exposure time important for GI studies
To eliminate involuntary motion
101
A single contrast study of the esophagus uses only
Barium or water soluble iodinated contrast
102
A double contrast study of the esophagus utilizes high density barium and
Carbon dioxide crystals
103
An esophagram should begin with the patient
Upright
104
What size IR is used for all imaging of the esophagus
14X17
105
RAO or LPO positions of the esophagus allows viewing of the esophagus to be unobstructed by
Vertebrae and heart
106
Variceal filling of the esophagus may be demonstrated by using the valsalva maneuver or
Full expiration
107
The IR should be centered on what plane on the AP projection
Midsagittal
108
An RAO oblique esophagus should form what angle
35-40 degree angle
109
What plane should be centered on a lateral position of the esophagus
Midcoronal
110
The central ray should be centered where for an AP esophagus
T 5-6
111
Why would the patient be instructed to swallow a barium tablet during an esophagram
To evaluate luminal narrowing
112
What is the study of distal esophagus, stomach, and some of the small intestine
UGI'S
113
How long should the patient be NPO prior to UGI
8 hours
114
Name things that can be determined on a UGI
Siza, shape, and position of stomach
115
Whats an advantage of a double contrast UGI series
Small lessions less likely to be overlooked, mucosal lining visualized better
116
During what exam does a patiend undergo a double-contrast UGI followed by a single contrast
Biphasic exam
117
An upright PA stomach requires the IR to be centered
3-6 lower
118
An RAO of the stomach should be rotated
40-70 degrees
119
Exposures of the stomach should be made on
Suspended expiration
120
The fundus of the stomach is what on the LPO position
FIlled with barium
121
What is the best position the demonstrate the pyloric canal and duodenal bulb in hypersthenic position
Right lateral position
122
What position is the best way to demonstrate a hiatel hernia
AP Trendelenburg position
123
What is 3 methods in which barium can be administered
Orally, reflux filling, enterclysis
124
Small bowel series images should be identified using
time and marker
125
Images of a small bowel series are done in
15-30 minute intervals
126
When the barium reaches where the radiologist does compression images under fluoro
Ileocecal valve
127
A small bowel series ends when the barium reaches the cecum which takes about
2 hours
128
What should be centered to the IR in a small bowel series
MSP
129
For the first thirty minutes the IR should be centered where for the small bowel series
L-2
130
In a two stage BE the colon is examined with barium and then what
air
131
What distends the lumen and shows mucosal lining of the colon and intraluminal lessions
Gaseous medium
132
Why might CO2 be used as the negative contrast instead of regular air
It is absorbed more quickly
133
Why is high density barium better for double contrasted BE studies
Because it absorbs more radiation, higher quality images
134
What is an alternative to a retrograde filling exam of the large intestine
Using water-soluble oral contrast, waiting 4 hours, then performing images
135
Why is it important for BE patients to have the large intestine completely emptied
Remaining fecal matter can be appear as polopoid tumors
136
What temperature should the barium be prior to administration
85-90 degrees
137
What position should the patient lie while inserting the BE tip
Sims
138
A post- evacuation image is taken to examine
Mucosa of the large intestine
139
Where should the IR be centered for a PA large intestine
Crests
140
How should the IR be arranged for hypersthenic patient on AP large intestine
2 crosswise
141
What degree and direction should be used for a PA axial large intestine
30-40 degree caudal
142
How can the patient be positioned on a PA axial large intestine to reduce rectrosigmoid area
Place patient slightly RAO
143
What size IR should be used for a lateral large intestine when the sigmois is the area of interest
10X12
144
What degree and angle should be used for an AP axial large intestine
30-40 degree cephalic
145
When PA the left colic flexure is best demonstrated on
LAO position
146
When AP the left colic flexure is best demonstrated on
RPO position
147
/what side is best demonstrated on the SP left lateral decubitus of the large intestine
Lateral ascending colon and medial descending
148
How can you tell which side is up when looking at a decubitus large intestine
Air top
149
What image is the only one that demonstrates the sigmoid area in a true axial projection
Chassard-Lapine Method
150
What is a surgical procedure for forming an opening through the abdominal wall
Enterstomy
151
What is an exam in which barium is put into the rectum and eliminated under fluoro
Defography
152
What is shown on a right lateral decubitus
Medial side of ascending colon and lateral side of descending colon
153
What is the closed system of the BE
It does no require removal and reinsertion of enema tip
154
Enema bags have what capacity
3 quart (3000mL) capacity
155
What is shown on a right lateral decubitus
Medial side of ascending colon and lateral side of descending colon
156
What is the closed system of the BE
It does no require removal and reinsertion of enema tip
157
Enema bags have what capacity
3 quart (3000mL) capacity
