test 3 Flashcards
1
Q
cycles of chills, fever, and sweating, caused by a protozoan of the genus ______ in RBCs. transmitted to humans by the bite of an infected ____ mosquito.
A
plasmodium, anaopheles, malaria
2
Q
ct/mri for trichinellosis?
A
3-8mm nodular lesions
3
Q
lake and risver freshwater fish
A
diphyllobothriasis
4
Q
what is the treatment for strongyloidiasis?
A
ivermectin and albendazole
5
Q
what is the MC cause of meningitis in children and adults?
A
s. pneumniae
6
Q
who does poorly with babesiosis?
A
asplenic
7
Q
if someone has fever and celulitis what do you do?
A
immediate aspiration
8
Q
encephalitis is mostly what?
A
viral
9
Q
what is the MC congenital presentation of toxoplasmosis?
A
chroioretinitis, blurred vision to vision loss, SA, columbia, brazil
10
Q
knee infection w/ a rash?
A
neisseria gonorrhea
11
Q
treatment for trichinellosis?
A
steroids, albendazole, mebendazole
12
Q
long term infections are associated w/ bladder cancer
A
s. haematobium
13
Q
what leads to 10% of seizure in emergency departments?
A
cysticercosis
14
Q
labs for schistosomiasis
A
stool or urine identification most practical
15
Q
causes of viral meningitis?
A
- enterovirus
- herpesvirus
- arthropod-borne viruses
- HIV
16
Q
where is paragonimiasis located?
A
asia, americas, africa
17
Q
several weeks diarrhea, bloody stools, fulminant colitis, rectovaginal fistulas, fulminant or necrotzing colitis
A
entamoeba histolytica (amebic colitis)
18
Q
p. falciparum incubation
A
12 days
19
Q
what are the signs and symptoms of california encaphalitis?
A
generalized or localized seizures
20
Q
vesical plexus
A
s. haematobium
21
Q
treatment for chronic osteomyelitis?
A
exisicion of bone, consider HBO
22
Q
what is primary prophylaxis for toxoplasmosis?
A
trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
23
Q
how long to monitor malaria?
A
6-12 hrs until parasitemia falls below 1%
24
Q
what is the treatment for Herpes encephalitis?
A
acyclovir
25
labs for taeniasis?
cellophane tape swab
26
oocysts highly resitant to chlorine, infect entire GI tract when introduced to contaminated water
cryptosporidiosis
27
what causes louse borne typhus?
rickettsia prowazekii
28
where is s. mansoni?
s. america/caribbean, africa, middle east
29
what is the pharm treatment for dog and cat bite?
amoxicillin clavulanate
30
what are the diagnostic labs for malaria?
thick and thin smears, rapid dipstick test, Binax NOW
31
what are the cardinal signs of rocky mountain spotted fever
rash peripherally on the wrists and ankles and soles and spreads to invole the extemitis and trunk, hihg fever, confusion and calf tenderness
32
what is the treatment for giardia?
tinidazole and metronidazole
33
where is murine typhus found?
california and texas
34
lung fluke
paragonimiasis
35
if parasitemia does not fall by ___ within __ hours, or blood is not cleared of parasites after _ days change treatment
75% 48 hours, 7 days
36
new malaria med
artesunate
37
photochromogenic: dark= white, light=yellow, grows at 25-32 celsius?
fish tank granuloma
38
what must you do before a CT?
LP to look for mass effect, increased ICP, and obstructive hydrocephalus
39
what does q fever do?
directly causes disease in organs, lungs, vegetations of hear and granulomats in organs
40
what bacteria causes cat scratch fever?
bartonella henselae
41
reinfection is associated w/ what stand of malaria?
p. falciparum
42
reason for people not taking prophylaxis?
GI, forgetful, low perception of risk
43
this trematode has male and female parts
schistosoma
44
what is the treatment for schistosomiasis?
praziquantel
45
invasion of the female genital tract (pelvic/peritoneal granuloma), chronic salpingitis?
enterobiasis
46
P. falciparum found mostly where?
sub-Saharan africa
47
stage 3 pressure injury?
full thickness tissue loss, subcutaneous fat, slough
48
where is s. japanicum?
far east
49
aggressive leishmaniasis
face, joints, satellite lesions, 5-10 lesions, >4-5cm
sodium stibogluconate, amphotericin B, fluconazole
50
cold stage length?
15-60 min
51
preexposure prophylaxis for rabies?
human diploid cell vaccine, purified chick embryo vaccine, 1mL IM deltoid on days 0,7, and 21 or 28
52
what are the two types of leptospirosis?
anicteric leptospirosis, icteric leptospirosis
53
what is the treatment for neisseria gonorrhoeae?
ceftriaxone
54
what occurs 7-14 days after tick bite in lyme disease?
(localized) erythema migrans, fever chills, myalgia, tender lymphadenopathy
55
what tick causes lyme disease?
ixodes
56
postexposure prophylaxis for rabies?
1 ml IM deltoid 0, 3, 7, 14
1mL IM 0,3
57
____ phase of lifecycle leads to fever and ___ release
erythrocytic merozoite
58
who is listeria monocytogenes common in?
>50, alcoholics and pregnant
59
what are the signs and symptoms of rocky mountain spotted fever?
rickettsia rickettsii
60
abraision that is exposed to salt or fresh water. papule or nodule at wound site, appears gramulomatous and moves up the arm
fish tank granuloma
61
what is used for eradication of persistent hypnozoites in vivax and ovale? what do you have to check first?
primaquine phsophate, G-6-pd, 14 days
62
what is the treatment for hook worm?
albendazole and mebendazole
63
when to begin/ end prevention prophylaxis?
1-2 weeks beofre departing, 1-2 days if dail, 4 weeks after return
64
what is the most common helminth world wide?
ascaria lumbricoides
65
treatment for cryptosporidiosis?
HAART, Nitazoxanide
66
_____ migrate into hepatocytes (___ phae) w/in minutes
sporozoites, liver
67
what is the MC place for a dog bite?
hand
68
fever of unknown origin, parinaud oculoglandular syndrome, rash, lymphadenitis (axillary, cevical, submandibular, preauricular)
cat scratch disease
69
what are the 2 MC arboviruses?
st. louis and california
70
incubation period in rabies is what?
asymptomatic
71
what is the MC parasitic infection of the CNS?
cysticercosis
72
fever,edema/swelling, tenderness, decreasd motion, ESR>30, increased crp
joint infections/ sepsis
73
what causes q fever?
coxiella burnetii
74
virus for rabies?
lyssavirus
75
P. ovale found where?
west africa
76
MC bursa's infected?
olecranon and prepatellar
77
what worm causes cutaneous larva migrans?
ancylostoma caninum
78
what are viral infections of the knee joint?
rubella, parvovirus B19, hepatitis
79
what is the treatment for hymenolepiasis?
praziquantel
80
what is the treatment for p. aeruginosa?
ceftazidime
81
what is the MC cause of all cestode infectinos worldwide?
hymenolepis nana
82
wagner grading systme for diabetic foot ulcers
0: redness, callus, boney deformity
1: superficial, partial or full thickness ulcer: limited to dermis
2. deep ulcer: through subcutaneous tissue to tendon, joint or bone
3. deep ulcer w/ osteomyelitis, abscess, joint sepsis
4. localized gangrene of toes and forefoot
5. extensive gangrene
83
soil penetrates bare feet, tropical and subtropical, ground itch, pica, intestinal upset and pneumonitis?
hookworm
84
what is the rodent that gets rabies?
groundhog
85
how is murine typhus spread?
rats
86
treatment for MRSA
vanc + rifampin
87
what is the PEP for n. meningitids?
ceftriaxone 250 mg IM or Rifamipin X4
88
MC physical findings of encephalitis?
altered mental status and personality changes
89
heme positive stools?
amebic colitis (entamoeba histolytica)
90
what are the 3 major pathways for meningitis?
invasion of the blood stream, retrograde neuronal flow, and direct contiguous spread
91
what is brill zinsser disease?
relapsing louse borne typhus, 10-20 years later, fever, transient rash, falling BP
92
vitamin B12 and megaloblastic anemia, pallor, glossitis, hypesthesia
diphyllobothriasis
93
abdominal pain that starts then transitions to an intermittent biliary obstruction
fascioliasis
94
tropical countries, southeastern united states, intestinal obstruction, occlusion of the biliary tract, and oral expulsion. may also have cough, or hemoptysis?
ascariasis
95
superior mesenteric vein
s. japonicum
96
labs for lyme disease
EIA/IFA, confirm w/ western blot
97
lab for leptospirosis?
isolation of the leptospires, tissue/body fluids (urine)
98
thick and thin smears how?
3, 12-24 hrs apart, soon after fever spike
99
how is leishmaniasis transmitted?
sandflies (lutzomyia longipalpis)
100
fever, HA, neck stiffness, photphobia, fever, nuchal rigidity, mental status change
meningitis
101
consume raw watercress, in europe, middle east, or asia
fascioliasis
102
rapid dipstick detects what?
LDH
103
lyme disease spirochete?
borrelia burgdorferi
104
3 things that happen after infection w/ lyme disease?
1. clear
2. spreads through out the body and produces symptoms by direct invasion, manifests like a bacterial infection
3. induces an immune response, little evidence of bacterial invasion
105
what lice type spreads louse borne typus?
pediculus humanus
106
what is louse borne typhus associated with and where?
overcrowding, europe, asia, africa (ethiopia and nigeria)
107
what is the treatment for ascariasis?
albendazole, mebendazole
108
treatment for babsiosis?
atovaquone + azithromycin
clindamycin + quinine
consider transfusion
109
who gets cryptosporidiosis?
kids and aids <200
110
test of choice for entamoeba histolytica?
enerica parasite panel PCR
111
misdiagnosed retinoblastoma?
toxocariasis
112
urticaria, pulomnary abnormalities, eosinophilia, discolored sputum, hemoptysis, CXR, after eating crazy fish what is the treatmetn?
praziquantel from paragonimiasis
113
what is the most common symptom of cat scratch disease?
regional adenopathy
114
what is the treatment for cutaneous larva migrans?
shoes, albendazole and ivermectin
115
if you have a prosthetic joint what bacteria are you concerned for?
MRSA/ s. pyogenes
116
complications of louse borne typhus?
gangrene, pericarditis, myocarditis, meningoencephalitis, delirium, fatal cardiac and renal failure
117
what signs and symptoms of st louis encaphalitis?
dysuria and pyuria
118
what are the treatment for ricketssial diease?
doxycycline
119
who has to get PEP for n. meningitidis?
>8hrs
<3ft
directly exposed to oral secretions
w/in 1 week before onset
med personal near airway secretions
120
treatment for taeniasis?
praziquantel and surgery if (appendicitis, obstructed bile duct, and pancreatic duct)
121
in US what is #1 domestic animal reported?
cats
122
what do you use to irrigate a dog/cat bite?
isotonic soidum chloride solution
123
P. vivax found where?
all endemic areas
124
raised edge and central crater, crusting scab, regional lymphadenopathy
cutaneous leishmaniasis
125
mild leishmaniasis?
<4 lesions, none >5cm, not in cosmetic area
paromycin, LN2, may resolve in 6 months
126
subcutaneous nodules, weight loss, appendicitis and cholangitis?
taeniasis
127
what to use for speciation of malaria?
thin smear
128
prevention/prophylaxis meds for malaria?
chloroquine, mefloquine, doxycycline ,atorvaquone/proguanil, primaquine
129
what is the MC zoonosis in the world?
leptospirosis, think tropics
130
what is the treatment for viral meningitis?
supportive care
131
what is the most reliable rabies test and what would you see?
negri bodies on nuchal skin biopsy
132
lack an intestinal tract and instead, are able to absorb nutrients through their integuments, adult consists of a head (scolex, that attaches to mucosa) neck and segemented body where both male and female gonads (proglottids) are found.
cestodes
133
what are the forms of leishmaniasis?
cutaneous and visceral
134
most striking feature of t. saginata?
passage of proglottids
135
what is the treatment for syphilitic meningitis?
penicillin G
136
flatoworms, including both external and internal parasites of animal hosts, that have a thick outer cuticle and one or more suckers or hooks for attaching to host tissue, also called a fluke
trematodes
137
during the 2-7 day acute neurologic period of rabies agitation, reslessness, biting, hallucinations, hyperactivity, thrashing, and confusion in episodic intervals
furious rabies
138
what is the MC manifestation in toxoplasmosis w/ aids?
encephalitis w/ AID
139
what might be seen on radiographs for q fever?
multiple segmental opacities, pleural effusion, lobar consildation, linear atelectasis
140
what is the treatment for enterobius vermicularis?
mebendazole and family education, personal hygiene laundering of bedding
141
where is s haematobium?
africa and the middle east
142
where is entamoeba histolytica?
central and south America
Africa
asia
143
what is the treatment for entamoeba histolytica (amebiasis)?
metronidizale or tinidazole + iodoquinol or paramycin
144
sweating stage how long?
2-4 hours
145
u/s= homogenous hypoechoic round lesion, CT scan= rounded, low attenuation lesion with an enhancing rim?
entamoeba histolytica
146
flaccid paralysis-flavivirus?
west nile
147
what is the treatment for TB meningitis?
Isoniazid (ING) and pyrazinamide
148
bone bx for osteomyelitis is done when?
48 hours after a/b stopped or before a/b started
149
what is the sing of ancylostoma caninum?
intense itching, erythematous linear lesion
150
what are the two acute neurologic periods of rabies?
paralytic and furious
151
what is the most common symptom of hookworm?
iron deficiency
152
school or preschool children, all socio-economic levels, nocturnal pruritis?
enterobius vermicularis
153
splenic rupture complication?
vivax and ovale
154
what will the joint fluid show in lyme disease?
WBCs
155
treatment for MSSA?
nafcillin, oxacillin
156
labs for babesiosis?
wright/giemsa ring forms
157
stage 4 pressure injury?
full thiicness tissue loss, w/ exposed bone, tendon or muscle,
158
what is the treatment for toxoplasmosis pregannacy <18 weeks
spiramycin
159
when does acute osteomyelitis occur?
w/in 2 weeks, bacteria penetrates the bone causing abscess formation leading to necrosis of the bone
160
inadequately cooked crab or cray fish
paragonimiasis
161
when do you close a wound from an animal bite?
face and clean
162
stage 2 pressure injury
shiny shallow ulcer w/o slough
163
entero-test/duodenal biopsy/ abdominal x-ray
giardiasis
164
top 3 US bat rabie vectors?
raccoons, skunks, bats
165
why is falciparum so bad?
microvascular sequestraion, hyperparasitiemia >250,000, targets all RBCs (not just reticulocytes) severe, anemia
166
labs for cysticercosis?
CT, biopsy of subqu nodule
167
what is the treatment for cysticercosis?
care for seizure, O2, anticonvulsants, increased ICP, (steroids, osmotic agents, diuretics)
NCC: albendazole and/or praziquantel + dexamthasone and etanercept
168
amebic liver abcess caused by what?
entamoeba histolytica
169
P___ and P____ have a ___ form that linger is inthe liver for months that can cause a ___ infection
ovale, vivax, hypnozoite, recurrence
170
routes for osteomyelitis?
trauma, contiguous spread(ulcer, post-op), hematogenous seeding of bone
171
splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, recurrent high fevers, darkening of the skin, pancytopenia
visceral leishmaniasis
172
what are the fungal meningitis?
c. neoformans
c. immmits
B. dermatitidis
candidal species
h. capsulatum
173
what is the treatemtn for fascioliasis?
triclabendazole
174
what is the MC bacteria infection of the knee?
staph A
175
what happens 3-10 weeks afer the tick bite in lyme disease?
multiple EMs, tender adenopathy, (HEARTBLOCK) carditis, aseptic meningitis, VII and bell's palsy
176
relapse is assoicate with which malaria strands?
vivax and ovale
177
what is MC cause of encephalitis in western coutnries?
herpes simplex
178
what is murine typhus caused by?
rickettsia typhi
179
what is the treatment for leptospirosis?
pen G if severe, out patient doxy
180
what causes rocky mountain spotted fever?
rickettsia rickettsii
181
serpiginous (snake like) lesion
cutaneous larva migans
182
sheep liver fluke
fasciola hepatica
183
1-2 week RUQ pain, prominent weight loss, hx of dysentery in last year
entamoeba histolytica (hx of dysentery in last year)
184
what to do if there is a bat and you are sleeping?
post exposure prophylaxis
185
contact w/ aquarium, salt water marine animals
mycobacterium marinum, fish tank granuloma
186
what stage of tick will infect you from spring to summer?
nymph
187
acute, infectious, fatal viral disease of most warm-blooded animals, especially wolves, bats, cats, and dogs, that attacks the central nervous system and is transmitted by he bite of the infected animals
rabies
188
tropical and subtropical, including southern united states, and intitutional settings. Larvae from soil penetrate bare feet. Cause pulmonary symptoms called ____ ____, eoshinophila in acute and chronic stages, abdominal pain, diarrhea?
strongyloidiasis
189
what is the number one rabies vector world wide?
dog
190
walking barefoot on beach?
cutaneous larva migrans (ancylostoma caninum)
191
where is lyme disease common?
Maryland to maine, wisconsin to minnesota, northern california
192
treatment for prion related disease?
avid brain/eye tissue, cerebral electrodes, infected instruments
193
what meningitis has a high mortality depsite appropriate therapy due to overwhelming endotoxin cascade?
neisseria meningitidis
194
trichinella nativa
artic bears
195
no fever, seizures, chronic HA, N/V, vision changes, focal neurolgoical complaints, mental status change, hyperreflexia, nystagmus, muscular pseudo hypertrophy, papilledema
neurocysticergosis
196
serious life threatening manifestations of trichnellosis?
myocarditis, encephalitis, meningitis,
197
what are the 2 MC places that malaria are imported from?
sub-saharan africa and india
198
at birth: anemia, thrombocytopenia, jaundice, microcephaly, hydrocephalus
toxoplasmosis
199
where is leishmaniasis MC found?
brazil, middle east, west asia,
200
bit buy lice, followed by abrupt fever, headache, rash from trunk to the extermities sparing face, palms and soles. start as macules->maculopapules->petechiae. DOES NOT BLANCH
louse borne typhus
201
cestode with itchy anus, resless sleep, nasal pruruitis, extermity pain
hymenolepiasis
202
what is the treatment for erythema migrans?
doxy and amoxicillin
203
what will show PMNs in CSF for meningitis?
bacteria
204
p. falciparum treatment
quinidine gluconate IV plus Doxy or clinda
205
malaria like
besisosis
206
where is diphyllobothriasis?
Northern hemisphere, uganda, chile
207
prodromal period in rabies is what?
paresthesia and pain, prickly or itchy feeling, at inoculation site. anorexia, fever, chills, malaise, 2-10 days
208
katayma's fever?
actue schistosomiasis
209
what stage of a lyme disease infection is considered late?
persistent
210
how long can a taenia live?
25 years w/ 50, 000 eggs per day
211
what are the signs and symptoms fo toxocariasis?
weight loss, wheezing, hepatosplenomegaly, hypereosinophilia, fever, ocular issues, misdiagnosed retinoblastoma,
212
who gets neisseri meningitidis?
college students and military recruits
213
treatment for encephalitis
mostly supportive
214
p. malariea incubation
28 days
215
trichnella pseudospiralis?
mammals/birds world wide
216
visceral larva migrans, ocular larva migrans?
toxocara canis/ toxocariasis cati
217
what is the largest intestinal namatode 15-35 cm?
ascaria lumbricoides
218
what is the treatment for carditis in lyme disease?
ceftriaxone IV and doxy PO
219
flatulence, malodorous greasy stools, weight loss, neurologic sx (irritable, sleep disorder, mental depression, neuroasthenia)
giardia
220
what shows as air bubbles on radiology?
air bubbles
221
villous atrophy and distorted microvillic cause malabsorption?
Giardia
222
what is the treatment for listeria monocytogenes?
listeria
223
highly motile, unicellular eukaryotes, usually predatory or parasitic; movement by cilic, flagella or ameboid motion; may be aquatic or terrestrial
protozoa
224
what is the hallmark of late disease in lyme disease?
arthritis, tends to involve the large joints, migratory poly articular process
225
p. vivax incubation
14 days
226
hydrocephalus
toxoplasmosis
227
what are the big causes of bacterial meningitis?
s. pneumoniae, n. meningitidis, h. influenzae
228
when does chronic osteomyelitis occur?
1- several months of bone infection. acute can become chronic
229
inferior mesenteric vein
s. mansoni
230
what are the two types of rabies?
bat rabies and terrestrial rabies
231
dwarf tape worm
hymenolepis nana
232
northeastern US specifically NY, MA from a tick
babesisosis
233
stage 1 pressure injury?
intact skin w/ non-blanchable redness
234
eating infected meat of carnivores, like AK, CA bear/boar/pork?
trichinella spiralis
235
how long for x-ray to show lytic lesion?
2-6 weeks
236
sudden onset joint pain, decreased motion, fever >102.2, swelling of joint, effusions, warmth, monoarticular infection. Elevated ESR, WBCs >50,000, >75% PML, glucose low
infections of the joints
237
lab for leishmaniasis?
isolate of organism in tissue, giemsa stained slides
238
new malaria found in SE asia?
P knowlesi
239
what is the vector for cat scratch fever?
fleas
240
during invasive phase causes periobital and facial edema, conjunctivitis, fever >104, rash, splinter hemorrhages?
trichinellosis
241
what lab do you need for osteomyelitis?
bone biopsy
242
what is the MC helminthic infection in the US?
enterobius vermicularis
243
what is the treatment for toxocariasis?
albendazole/mebendazole
244
what is the treatment for a tick bite in an endemic area for lyme disease?
doxy
245
what is the treatment for strep pneumoniae and neisseria meningitidis?
cefotaxime or ceftriaxone and vanc + dexamethasone
246
muscle and caf pain, sudden HA rigors, conjunctival hemorrhage and ICTERUS following exposure fresh water, soil and animals in the jungle or tropics
leptospirosis
247
>=1 red papule in .5 cm, lymphadenitis that persisits 4-6 weeks, sinus track may form, axillary nodes most frequently affected, polonged fever w/o a source
cat scratch disease
248
what is the treatment for chorioretinits, cong. and preg >18 weeks?
pyrimethamine + sulfadiazine + leucovorin
249
in US MC parasite identified in stool specimens?
Giaria lamblia
250
chloroquine resistant treatment?
coartem, malarone, quinine sulfate + doxy
251
what are the big causes of bacterial meningitis in neonates?
group b beta hemolytic strep, e. coli, listeria monocytogenes
252
where will you find q fever?
slaugherthouse, live stock handling plants, contact w/ fluids of animals
253
if someone that has acute toxoplasmosis what is important that you do?
screen family members especially pregnant women and immuncompromised persons
254
what is the treatment for fish tank granuloma?
clarithromycin + ethambutol or ethambutol + rifampin for 1 month, but up to 6 maybe
255
what are physical findings during the neurologic period of rabies?
thashing, lacrimation, perspiration, drooling, postural hypotension, hydrophobia, aerophobia
256
60 or 70 presenting with dementia. Has myoclonic fasciculations, ataxia and progressive cognitive impairment?
prion related disease
257
no fever, subcu nodule that looks like sebacious cyst, calcified intramuscular lesions
cysticercosis
258
hot stage how long?
2-6 hours
259
capillary blockage/microvascular stasis from RBC fragments. Hemolytic anemia, thombocytopenia, chills, fever, diaphoresis, and prostration
babesiosis
260
what is called the human pinworm?
enterobius vermicularis
261
trichinella britovi
carnivors of europe and western asia
262
osteomyelitis frequently affects where?
metaphases of long bones
263
cestode that's 15-40 mm in length
hymeolepsis nana
264
patient develops nonpurulent conjunctivitis, ocular granuloma, preauricular adenopathy, resolve in a few months
cat scratch disease (bartonella)
265
treatment for diphyllobothriasis?
vitamin supplementation and praziquantel
266
what malaria causes nephrotic syndrome?
p. malariae
267
p. ovale incubation
17 days
268
what is recrudescence and what malaria strand is it assocaited w/?
incomplete treatment, p. falciparum
269
trichinella nelsoni
african scavengers and predators
270
what is the treatment for cat scratch disease and parinaud oculoglandular syndome?
self limited
