test 3 Flashcards by Jessica Dealminana

Positive intropic drugs do what to the heart?

can increase oxygen demand of the heart muscle
can damage contractile apparatus
can increase tendency for arrhythmia

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positive intropic drugs…

cardiac glycosides
catecholamines
bipyridine derivaties
mixed dilators

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cardiac glycosides indications

impaired cardiac contraction CHF

atrial arrhythmia

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cardiac glycosides dosage forms

digoxin elixir

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cardiac glycosides adverse side effects

anorexia, vomitting, diarrhea
arrhythmia
monitor pet for GI signs

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catecholamines are

sympathomimetics

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catecholamines do what?

increase force and create of muscle contraction
constrict peripheral blood vessels elevate blood glucose levels
can be used for cardiac resuscitation

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catecholamine drugs

epinephrine
dopamine
dobutamine

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catecholamine adverse side effects

hypertension, anxiety and excitability

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Isoproterenol is only used for

atropine-resistant bradycardia

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Dopamine uses…

heart failure associated with anesthetic emergencies
after cardiac resuscitation
oliguric renal failure

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dopamine adverse side effects

vomitting, tachycardia, dyspnea

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Dobutamine does what

increase cardiac output
doesn’t cause arrhythmia’s
doesn’t increase heart rate
administered IV infusion in emergency cases

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Bipyridine derivates drugs…(2)

amrinone-IV

milrimone- oral

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bipyridine derivatives work by…

inhibiting enzymes that lead to increase In cellular calcium

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anti arrhythmic drugs

xylazine
halothane
digoxin
thiobarbiturates

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Class IA drugs (2)

quinidine

procainamide

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quinidine is used for

long term use
oral
ventricular contractions
ventricular tachycardia

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quinidine side effects

anorexia, vomiting, weakness

laminitis in horses

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Procanamide uses

premature ventricular contractions
ventricular tachycardia cardia
atrial tachycardia

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prcanamide side effects

GI, hypotension

all dose related

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Class BI drugs (3)

lidocaine
tocainide
mexiletine

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Lidocaine uses

uses for emergencies

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side effects of lidocaine

rare- drowsiness, depression, ataxia

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Tocainide and mexiletine given how?

may be given orally

Class IC drugs

seldom used | Flecainide and encainide

Beta adrenergic blockers (2)

propanolol | Atenolol

Propanolol uses

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy various arrhythmias in cats to treat systemic hypertension and hyperthyroidism

propranolol side effects

bradycardia hypotension lathargy

propranolol must be tapered off therapy because...

they may develop tachycardia or hypertension if stopped abruptly

Atenolol uses

supraventricluar tachyarrythmias hypertension cardiomyopathy

Atenolol adverse side effects

bradycardia lethargy syncope | heart failure

calcium channel blockers do what

depresses contractile mechanisms | depresses automaticly and impulse transmission

Verapamil HCl uses

tachycardia | atrial flutter

veramail HCl adverse effects

hypotension, bradycardia, pulmonary edema

Diltiazem uses

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in cats | tachyarrythmias

Vasodilator drugs (4)

Hydralazine Nitroglycerin Prazosin ACE inhibitors

hydralazine uses

arteriolar dilator

hydralizine side effects

hypotension, sodium and water retention

Nitroglycerin uses

ventilator | apply topically to hairless areas

nitroglycerin side effects

minimal only really rashes on application site

Prazosin uses

combined vasodilator | treats CHF, pulmonary hypertension

Prazosin side effects

syncope, GI, Hypotension

Ace inhibitors drugs

enalopril | captopril

ace inhibitor uses

treats class 3,2,4 heart failure

ace inhibitor side effects

hypotension, azotemia, hyperkalemia

Diuretics uses

reduce plasma volume | used for CHF patients

Diruretics side effects

hypokalemia, hyponatrmia, ototoxicity weakness | shock

urination follows after dosing within ____ to ___ minutes when uses diruretics.

20-30 min

dietary management of heart disease

sodium restriction | body weight management

ancillary treatment of heart disease

``` bronchodilators oxygen therapy sedation aspirin thoracocentesis ```

Monogastric animals

dog cat primates

ruminant animals

three stomachs and one true stomach

four compartments of ruminant stomach

reticulum, rumen, omasum, abomasum

equines, rabbits, and some rodents have what kind of stomach

hind gut fermentation monogastric large cecum

mice need what to prevent obesity?

leptin

vomiting....

forceful ejection of the contents of stomachs and sometimes intestines

vomiting is activated by what part of the brain

medulla with input from cerebral cortex

which animals do not vomit?

horses rabbits rodents

persistent vomitting causes problems of

dehydration electrolyte imbalances acid base imblalance

emetics are drugs that?

induce vomiting

do not uses emetics in

comatose patients depressed pharyngeal reflexes shock or dyspneic or if ingested strong acids

centrally acting emetics

apomorphine

apomorphine uses

in dogs, | administered topically in conjunctival sac or by injection

apomorphine times with IM,IV,TOPICAL

IM:5-10min IV:immediatly TOPICAL:10-20min

apomorphine given topically need to be wiped of when?

immediately

Treat overdose of apomorphine with?

naloxone

adverse side effects of apomorphine

sedation, ataxia, hypotension

antiemetics drug classes/drugs

``` procainamide derivatives metoclopramide antihistamine anticholingerics butyrophenones serotonin receptor agent NK-1 receptor agents ```

xylazine induces vomittin in what species

cat, within 3-5 min

cefalozin

induces vomiting when administered IV

phenothiazine derivatives are

chlorpromazine | prochlorperazine

side effects of phenothiazine derivatives

sedation ataxia and hypotension

procainamide derivatives

blocks dopamine receptors | increase gastric contraction, speeds gastric emptying

Metolopramide

useful for parvovirus enteritis or uremic vomiting

metoclopramide side effects

behavioral in horses dogs cats constipation do not use if GI is obstructed

antihistamines

``` Trimethobenzamide dimenhydrinate diphenhydramine Meclizine promethazine ```

antihistamines may cause

drowsiness

antihistamines uses

motion sickness or inner eat loss of equilibrium

Anticholingerics do what

act peripherally to reduce GI spasms, intestinal motility and secretions

anticholingeric drugs

aminopentamide | propantheline

butyrophenones drugs

droperidol/fentanyl

butyrophenones are

tranquilizers that block CRTZ

serotonin receptor antagonists

receptors found on vagal nerve terminals

NK-1 receptors antagonists drug

maropitant citrate

peptic ulcers

secondary to stress

peptic ulcers signs

anorexia abdominal pain melena

test 3 Flashcards

(87 cards)