Test 3

Question 1

World view

Answer 1

An encompassing picture of reality created by members of a society

Question 2

Metaphor

Answer 2

A form of thought and language that asserts a meaningful link between two expressions from different somatic domains

Question 3

Metaphorical subject

Answer 3

The first part of the metaphor, which indicates the domain of experience that needs to be clarified

Question 4

Metaphorical predicate

Answer 4

The second part of a metaphor, which suggests the familiar domain of experience that may clarify the metaphorical subject

Question 5

Metaphorical entailments

Answer 5

All the attributes of a metaphorical predicate that relate it to the metaphorical subject

Question 6

Metonymy

Answer 6

The culturally defined relationships of the parts of a semantic domain to the domain as a whole and of the whole to its parts

Question 7

Key metaphors

Answer 7

Symbolic representations that are widely understood within a culture and central to that cultures world view

Question 8

Societal metaphor

Answer 8

A key metaphor who’s predicate lies in the social order

Question 9

Organic metaphor

Answer 9

A key metaphor who’s predicate lies in the image of a living body

Question 10

Technological metaphor

Answer 10

A key metaphor who’s predicate lies in objects made by human beings

Question 11

Religion

Answer 11

Ideas and practices that postulate reality beyond that which is immediately available to the senses

Question 12

Priest

Answer 12

A religious practitioner skilled in the practice of religious rituals, which he or she carries out for the benefit of the group

Question 13

Transculturation

Answer 13

Cultural change resulting from contact between different cultures

Question 14

Witchcraft

Answer 14

The practice of magic, whether intentional or not

Question 15

Oracles

Answer 15

Invisible forces to which people address questions and whose responses they believe to be truthful

Question 16

Magic

Answer 16

A set of beliefs and practices designed to control the visible or invisible world for specific purposes

Question 17

Syncretism

Answer 17

The synthesis of old religious practices (or an old way of life) with new religious practices (or a new way of life) introduced from outside, often by force

Question 18

Revitalization

Answer 18

A conscious, deliberate, and organized attempt by some members of a society to create a more satisfying culture in a time of crisis

Question 19

Nativism

Answer 19

An attempt to return to traditional customs

Question 20

Secularism

Answer 20

The separation of religion and state

Question 21

Social organization

Answer 21

The patterning of human interdependence in a given society through the actions and decisions of its members

Question 22

Power

Answer 22

Transformative capacity; the ability to transform a given situation

Question 23

Social power

Answer 23

The ability to transform a situation that affects and entire social group

Question 24

Political power

Answer 24

Social power held by a group that is in a position to affect the lives of many people

Question 25

Commensality

Answer 25

The sharing of food - can be important and ritualized

Question 26

Political anthropology

Answer 26

The study of social and political power in human society

Question 27

Free agency

Answer 27

The freedom of self-contained individuals to pursue their own interests above everything else and to challenge one another for dominance

Question 28

Domination

Answer 28

Coercive rule

Question 29

Hegemony

Answer 29

A system of leadership in which rulers persuade subordinates to accept the ideology of the dominant group by offering mutual accommodations that nevertheless preserve the rulers privileged positions

Question 30

Structural power

Answer 30

Power that organizes social settings and controls the allocation of social labour

Question 31

3 levels of political power

Answer 31

1. Visible : the defined aspects of political power 2. Hidden: when a group with social power discretely influences decisions made on the visible level 3. Invisible: embedded in cultural norms. Shapes beliefs making some issues, and intests invisible (worst of 3)

Question 32

Governmentality

Answer 32

The art of governing appropriate to promoting the welfare of populations within a state

Question 33

Biopower

Answer 33

Power held by a modern government over the bodies of its individual citizens and over the body of all its citizens

Question 34

Resistance

Answer 34

The power to refuse being forced against ones will to conform to someone else’s wishes

Question 35

Consensus

Answer 35

An agreement to which all parties collectively give their assent

Question 36

Persuasion

Answer 36

Power based on verbal argument

Question 37

Anomie

Answer 37

A pervasive sense of rootlessness and normlessness

Question 38

Alienation

Answer 38

The deep separation that individuals experience between their innermost sense of identity and the labour they are forced to perform to survive

Question 39

Essentially negotiable concepts

Answer 39

Culturally recognized concepts that evoke a wide range of meanings and WHOS relevance in any particular context must be negotiated

Question 40

Modernization theory

Answer 40

A theory that argues the social change occurring in non western societies under colonial rule was a necessary and inevitable prelude to higher levels of social development reached by the more modern nations

Question 41

Dependancy theory

Answer 41

Theory that argues the success of independent capitalist nations has required the failure of dependant colonies or nations

Question 42

World system theory

Answer 42

Theory that argues capitalism incorporates various regions and people’s into a world system who’s parts are linked economically but not politically

Question 43

Core

Answer 43

In world system theory - | The nations specializing in banking, finance, and skilled industrial production

Question 44

Periphery

Answer 44

In world system theory- | Those exploited farmer colonies that supply the core with inexpensive foods, goods, raw materials.

Question 45

Semi peripheral

Answer 45

In a world system theory- States that have payed peripheral roles in the past but that now has sufficient industrial capacities and other resources

Question 46

Neoliberalism

Answer 46

A political perspective that promotes individual freedom, open markets, and free trade while opposing strong state involvement in personal and economic affairs

Question 47

Visual anthropology

Answer 47

The anthropological contribution to visual culture of ethnographic photography, film, and digital media representations of cultural data

Question 48

Stateless people

Answer 48

Non citizens even tho they are residents of (or even born in) formal state systems

Question 49

Diaspora

Answer 49

Migrant population with a shared identity who live in a variety of different locales around the world; a form of transborder identity that does not focus on nation building

Question 50

Long distance nationalists

Answer 50

Members of a diaspora who begin to organize in support of nationalist struggles in their homeland or to agitate for a state of their own

Question 51

Transborder state

Answer 51

A state in which it is claimed that those people who left the country and their descendants remain part of their ancestral state even if they are citizens of another state

Question 52

Transborder citizenry

Answer 52

A group made up of citizens of a country who continue to live in the homeland plus the people who have emigrated from the country and their descendants, regardless of their current citizenship

Question 53

Legal citizenship

Answer 53

The rights and obligations of citizenship granted by the laws of state

Question 54

Substantive citizenship

Answer 54

The actions people take, regardless of legal citizenship status, to assert their membership in a state and to bring about political change ms that will improve their lives

Question 55

Transnational nation states

Answer 55

Nation states in which the relationships between citizens and their states extend to wherever the citizens reside

Question 56

Flexible citizenship

Answer 56

Strategies employed by individuals who regularly move across state boundaries in order to circumvent and benefit from different nation state regimes

Question 57

Post national ethos

Answer 57

An attitude toward the world in which people submit to the regulations of the capitalist market while trying to evade the regulations of nation states

Question 58

Human rights

Answer 58

A set of rights that should be accorded to all human beings everywhere in the world

Question 59

Multiculturalism

Answer 59

A situation in which people of various cultural backgrounds live in close proximity to one another

Question 60

Cultural imperialism

Answer 60

The idea that some cultures dominate other cultures and that cultural domination by one culture leads inevitably to the destruction of subordinated cultures and their replacement by the culture of those in power

Question 61

Indigenization

Answer 61

The process of bringing something foreign under the control of local people or of adopting something foreign to serve local purposes

Question 62

Cultural hybridization

Answer 62

Cultural mixing that produces a new cultural form

Question 63

Cosmopolitanism

Answer 63

Being at ease in more than one cultural setting

Question 64

coloniality

Answer 64

identified and described as the present legacy of colonialism in the societies of today; manifest as the social descrimination of eurocentrism, yet also from the outlived formal colonialism integrated in succeeding social orders.