Test 3

Question 1

The process of taking food into the digestive tract, typically occurs at the mouth

Answer 1

Ingestion

Question 2

Process that moves food through the alimentary canal.

Answer 2

Propulsion

Question 3

Pattern of smooth muscle activity that pushes material through the lumen of an alimentary organ and into another

Answer 3

Peristalsis

Question 4

Break larges pieces of food into pieces or makes large molecules spread or break up, thus increasing the amount of surface area of that food/molecule that is exposed to

Answer 4

Mechanical breakdown

Question 5

Chewing, mixing food with saliva by tongue and teeth, churning of food in the stomach, and emulsification

Answer 5

Mechanical breakdown

Question 6

Process that uses enzymes to catalyze catabolic chemical reaction

Answer 6

Digesion

Question 7

Process that involves the movement of organic monomers from the lumen of the GI tract and into the blood or lymph

Answer 7

Absorption

Question 8

Muscular process that elminates undigested/indigested material from the body in the form of feces, typically occurs at the anal opening

Answer 8

Defecation

Question 9

Organs suspended by mesinteries within the abdominopelvic cavity

Answer 9

Intrapertioneal orangs

Question 10

Abdominopelvic organs that lack mesentery and which are embedded in the posterior abdominal wall

Answer 10

Retroperitoneal organs

Question 11

Moist epithelial membrane that faces the lumen and interacts with its contents. extends from the mouth to the anus

Answer 11

Mucosa

Question 12

layer of areolar CT deep to the muscosa, contains a rich supply of blood and lymphatic vessels. lymphoid follicles and nerves that support the muscoa

Answer 12

Submucosa

Question 13

layer of composed of at least 2 layers of smooth muscles that is deep to the submucosa. produces movements associated with segmentation

Answer 13

muscularis externa

Question 14

Layer that faces the abdominopelvic cavity, compoused of areloar CT covered with simple squamous epithelium

Answer 14

Serosa

Question 15

fibrous Ct layer that covers the external surface of digestive organs that are not in the abdominopelvic cavity, I.E. the esophogas

Answer 15

adventitia

Question 16

Set of systemic arteries that deliver oxygen rich blood to the abdominopelvic digestive organs

Answer 16

Splanchnic circulation

Question 17

All three of these unpaired arteries that branch from the anterior surface of the abdominal aorta

Answer 17

Celicia trunk, superior mesenteric arety, and the inferior mesentaric artery

Question 18

Set of veins that make up the hepatic portal circulation

Answer 18

consists of veins that collect the blood draining away from the abdominopelvic digestive organs

Question 19

Once the liver has removed cetrain nutrients for use and or storage, the blood is directed into hepatic veins

Answer 19

these veins then direct oxygen poor, nutrient poor blood into the inferior vena cava so it can be returned to the heart

Question 20

Once the liver has removed cetrain nutrients for use and or storage, the blood is directed into hepatic veins

Answer 20

these veins then direct oxygen poor, nutrient poor blood into the inferior vena cava so it can be returned to the heart

Question 21

Site of ingestion, lined with oral mucosa containing non-keritinated stratified squamous epithelium to withstand friction, continuous posteriorly with the oropharynx

Answer 21

Mouth AKA oral cavity

Question 22

Forms the roof of the mouth

Answer 22

palate

Question 23

Anterior part of the palate, composed of bone and forms a firm surface against which the tongue forces food during chewing

Answer 23

hard palate

Question 24

Posterior part of the palate which is composed of skeletal muscle, contacts to black the nasopharynx

Answer 24

soft palate

Question 25

structure composed of multi-directional bundles of skeletal muscle that occupies the floor of the oral cavity, it reposititions the good between the food and teeth during chewing and hels mix the food with saliva to create a food/salvia mass

Answer 25

Tongue

Question 26

Mass of food and salvia

Answer 26

bolus

Question 27

Located on the surface of the tounge, taste buds

Answer 27

papillae

Question 28

paired sets of exocrine glands connected to the oral cavity by ducts - secrete saliva

Answer 28

salivary glands

Question 29

An acidic fluid rich in electrolyes and chemicals associated with innate immunity, Its main function is to begin the chemical breakdown of starchy foods by the enzyme salivary amylase

Answer 29

saliva

Question 30

An acidic fluid rich in electrolyes and chemicals associated with innate immunity, Its main function is to begin the chemical breakdown of starchy foods by the enzyme salivary amylase

Answer 30

saliva

Question 31

Structures that are embeded in the sockets of the mandible and maxillae, used to tear and grind food during chewing

Answer 31

teeth

Question 32

Located the superior end of the esophagus

Answer 32

upper esophageal sphincter

Question 33

located at the inferior end of the esophagus

Answer 33

gastroesophageal sphincter

Question 34

Located at the end of the large intestine

Answer 34

anal sphincter

Question 35

Located at the bottom of the stomach, connecting into the small intestine

Answer 35

pyloric sphincter

Question 36

Located at the end of the small intestine connecting to the illium

Answer 36

illiocecal sphinter

Question 37

Mucosa contains a simple columnar epithelium composed entirely of mucus cells

Answer 37

Stomach

Question 38

hydrochloric acid and intrinsic acid are produced by

Answer 38

parietal cells

Question 39

makes the pH of the stomach highly acidic, which kills bacteria and denatures proteins and privdes and optional environment for pepcin

Answer 39

Hydrochloric acid

Question 40

Required for the absorption of vitamin B12 in the small intestine

Answer 40

intrinsic factor

Question 41

Help produce enzymes that are important to digestion

Answer 41

chief cells

Question 42

enzyme that digest proteins

Answer 42

pepsin

Question 43

enzyme that digest lipids

Answer 43

gastric lipase

Question 44

enzyme that digest the milk protein, casein

Answer 44

renin

Question 45

deep permanent folds of the mucosa and submucosa, forces the chyme to move more slowly over the mucosal surface

Answer 45

circular folds

Question 46

fingerlike projections of the mucosa

Answer 46

vili

Question 47

tiny projections of the plasma membrane of the epithelial cells of the small intestines mucosa

Answer 47

microvili AKA brush border

Question 48

aggregated follices found only in the ileum

Answer 48

peyers patches

Question 49

produce a bicarbonateprich mucus that neutralizes acid coming from the stomach

Answer 49

duodenal glands

Question 50

microscopic structural and functional unit of the liver

Answer 50

lobules

Question 51

cells of liver lobules

Answer 51

hepatocytes

Question 52

located in the center of the lobule, this vein collects blood draining from the lobules

Answer 52

central vein

Question 53

collection of vessles that are located at the outside corner of each of the lobules, contain a hepatic artery, vein and bile duct

Answer 53

portal triad

Question 54

a thin walled green muscular sac located on the inferior surface of the liver

Answer 54

gallbladder

Question 55

stores bile that is not immediately needed for digestion

Answer 55

gallbaldder

Question 56

concave medial surface of the kidney, loaction where the ureters and nerves attach to the kidney

Answer 56

renal hilum

Question 57

superficial layer of the DFCT, anchors the kidney to the surrounding strucutres

Answer 57

renal fascia

Question 58

layer of adipose tissue deep to the renal fascia, surrounds the kidney and protects if from trauma

Answer 58

perirenal fat capsule

Question 59

transparent layer of fiberous Ct that is located on the surface of the kidney

Answer 59

fiberous capsule

Question 60

superficial region of the kidney tissue

Answer 60

renal cortex

Question 61

deeper region of the kidney tissue

Answer 61

renal medulla

Question 62

cone shaped tissue masses in the medulla

Answer 62

renal pyramids

Question 63

inward extensions of cortical tissue loacted between adjacent renal pyramids

Answer 63

renal columns

Question 64

flat, funnel shaped tube attached to the hilum, collects all of the urine draining from a single kidney, directed it to the ureters

Answer 64

renal pelvis

Question 65

formed primarily in the cortex of the kidney

Answer 65

urine

Question 66

located in the renal cortex, this is the part of the nephron that produces filtrate

Answer 66

renal corpuscles

Question 67

ball like cluster of fenustrated capillaries which are specialized for filtration

Answer 67

glomerous

Question 68

hollow, cup-shaped structure that surrounds the glomerlus

Answer 68

glomerular capsule

Question 69

superficial portion that is composed of simple squamous epithelium

Answer 69

parietal layer

Question 70

deep portion that faces the glomerulus that is composed of modified simple squamous epithelium

Answer 70

visceral layer

Question 71

portion of nephron that process the filtrate

Answer 71

renal tubule

Question 72

coiled seciton of the renal tuble that is closest to the renal corpuscle and is located in the renal cortex

Answer 72

pct

Question 73

second coiled region of the renal tubule that is farther from the renal corpuscle and is located in the renal cortex

Answer 73

DCT

Question 74

account for 85% of the nephrons in the kidnet

Answer 74

cortical nephrons

Question 75

play an important role in the kidneys ability to produce concentrated urine

Answer 75

juxtamedullarry nephrons

Question 76

capillary bed is fed and drained by artieoles, specialized to produce the filtrate

Answer 76

golmerulus

Question 77

set of fenustrated capillaries that cling to the surface of the renal tubule

Answer 77

peritubular capillaries

Question 78

a passive process that takes place in the renal corpuscle, uses a pressure gradient to non-selectively move small solutes and water from the blood into the capsular space, producing a cell and protein free filtrate of the blood

Answer 78

glomerular filtration

Question 79

the process of selectively moving substances from the filtrate and back into the blood. takes place in the renal tubule and collecting ducts

Answer 79

tubular reabsorption

Question 80

the process of selectively moving substances from the blood and into the filtrate occurs in the renal tubule and collecting ducts

Answer 80

tubular secretion

Question 81

Three portions of the filtration membrane

Answer 81

fenestrated endothelium of the glomerlar cappilaries the basement membrane foot process of podocytes

Question 82

cheif cation of ECF

Answer 82

sodium

Question 83

cheif anion of ECF

Answer 83

chloride

Question 84

cheif cation of ICF

Answer 84

postassium

Question 85

cheif anion if ICF

Answer 85

phosphate

Question 86

the driving force of water intake

Answer 86

hypothalamic thirst center

Question 87

the driving force of water intake

Answer 87

hypothalamic thirst center

Question 88

a type of cellular over hydration that occurs in cases of renal insufficiency and there is an extraordinarlly high water intake over a period of time

Answer 88

hypotonic hydration

Question 89

atypical accumulation of fluid in the interstitial space

Answer 89

edema

Question 90

condition where the pH is higher than 7.45

Answer 90

alkalosis

Question 91

condition where the pH is lower than 7.35

Answer 91

acidosis