Test 3

Question 1

What is keratitis?

Answer 1

Inflammation or infection of cornea caused by bacteria, viruses, funguses, or corneal ulcers

Question 2

What is conjunctivitis?

Answer 2

Pink eye, caused by viral, bacterial, or from allergies

Question 3

What is a corneal abrasion?

Answer 3

Localized painful disruption of the epithelial layer of the cornea. Can be visualized w/ fluorescein dye. Can lead to keratitis

Question 4

What are cataracts?

Answer 4

An opacity of the lens
Primary cause of reduced vision and blindness
Person w/ normal lifespan more likely to have a cataract surgery than any other surgery

Question 5

What are congenital cataracts?

Answer 5

Can be ID in NB nursery

Intervention is necessary as soon as possible

Question 6

What is amblyopia?

Answer 6

Lazy eye
not corrective by refractive means
Develops if strabismus is not treated (if develops under age of 4 and not treated, vision loss can occur)

Question 7

What is glaucoma? Who is this more common amongst?

Answer 7

Group of disorders characterized by:
Increased intraocular pressure by unequal inflow and outflow of aqueous humor
Optic nerve atrophy
Peripheral visual field loss
More common among people of African decent

Question 8

What are the types of glaucoma?

Answer 8

Primary open angle glaucoma
Primary angle closure glaucoma
Secondary glaucoma

Question 9

What is presbycusis?

Answer 9

Hearing loss due to aging

Question 10

What is tinnitus?

Answer 10

Ringing in the ears

Question 11

What is Meniere’s disease?

Answer 11

Sudden, severe attacks of vertigo, nausea, and vomiting
Cause of disease is unknown
Onset of 30-60 years

Question 12

What is myopia?

Answer 12

Nearsightedness

The client can see near but not far away

Question 13

What is hyperopia?

Answer 13

Farsightedness

The client can see far away but not near

Question 14

What is presbyopia?

Answer 14

Loss of accommodation associated with age
Usually appears at 40
inability to accommodate for nearby objects

Question 15

What is functional blindness?

Answer 15

Some light perception but no useable vision

Question 16

What is partial sight?

Answer 16

Not legally blind but has limited visual acuity and may benefit from vision enhancement techniques

Question 17

What qualifies someone as legally blind?

Answer 17

Has gone through correction techniques yet is only capable of 20/200 vision with the better eye
May have SOME useable vision
Eligible for government assistance

Question 18

What are some signs and symptoms of contact problems?

Answer 18

Redness
Sensitivity
Vision problems
Pain

Question 19

What is primary open angle glaucoma?

Answer 19

This is the most common form of glaucoma. It happens when the eye’s drainage canals become clogged over time. The inner eye pressure (also called intraocular pressure or IOP) rises because the correct amount of fluid can’t drain out of the eye. With open-angle glaucoma, the entrances to the drainage canals are clear and should be working correctly. The clogging problem occurs further inside the drainage canals.

Question 20

What is primary angle closure glaucoma?

Answer 20

This is a closed angle type of glaucoma, i.e. the iris is found to be blocking the drainage of the eye through the trabecular meshwork. It is a primary glaucoma because there is no known cause relating to another condition, although the problem itself is clearly visible and related to the depth of the drainage angle of the eye (which is narrow)

Question 21

What is secondary glaucoma?

Answer 21

Secondary glaucoma is caused by a secondary condition like a very mature cataract, inflammation inside your eye (the doctor will call this uveitis), bleeding, eye tumor, or a previous eye injury. If you have diabetes, extra blood vessels can form inside your eye and block the outflow of fluid. This severe form of the disease is called neovascular glaucoma

Question 22

What is a normal IOP?

Answer 22

10 to 21 mmHg

IOP varies throughout the day and is normally higher in the morning

Question 23

What is astigmatism?

Answer 23

Occurs due to irregular curvature of the cornea where the image focuses on two different points on the retina

Question 24

If a client has a penetrating object in their eye what interventions must be done?

Answer 24

DO NOT REMOVE THE OBJECT
Cover the eye with a cup and tape in place
Do not allow the client to bend over or lie flat as these positions can move the object
Do not place pressure on the eye and send them to the HCP immediately

Question 25

What intervention must be done with a patient with chemicals on the eye?

Answer 25

Quickly assess the client and their visual acuity Irrigate the eye for 15 to 20 mins Assess the clients response and document the event

Question 26

What is genital herpes?

Answer 26

``` Caused by the Herpes simplex 2 virus Appears as small red bumps around the genitals and red rash, pain while urinating, and sore ulcers Will appear during flareups Tests done to exam for herpes are: Physical exam Viral culture Blood test Nucleic acid amplification test (To check for the presence of viral DNA) ```

Question 27

What is used to treat genital herpes?

Answer 27

Antivirals (Acyclovir Famciclovir Valacyclovir) Self-care(Use mild cleansers when bathing or showering in warm water. Keep the infected site clean and dry. Wear loose, cotton clothing to keep the area comfortable)

Question 28

What is HPV?

Answer 28

``` Human papillomavirus Appears as warts on the body with the genital warts being highly contagious Testing for HPV includes: Vinegar testing Pap smear Genetic test Physical examination ```

Question 29

What is used to treat HPV?

Answer 29

Antitumor medication Cryotherapy An HPV vaccine can be used to prevent HPV outright

Question 30

What is chlamydia?

Answer 30

Chlamydia is caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis

Question 31

What is primary menstrual dysfunction?

Answer 31

Severe side effects of a period such as painful cramping and headaches Usually starts with the primary onset of menstruations

Question 32

What is secondary menstrual dysfunction?

Answer 32

Occurs later in life | Caused by secondary processes such as infections, disease, or fibroids

Question 33

What is ADHD?

Answer 33

``` ADHD is a disorder that begins at a young age and continues throughout the patients life For children symptoms will present as Easily distracted Trouble focusing on tasks Doesn’t follow or finish tasks Often loses things Tends to daydream Hyperactivity For adults present as Anxiety Depression Low self esteem Mood swings Impulsiveness ```

Question 34

What medication can be used to treat a woman who is infertile? What does it do?

Answer 34

Clomid (dlomiphene) Clomid tricks the body into thinking estrogen levels are low which prompts the body into releasing a mature egg. A side effect is pseudo mesopause as the drug is an anti estrogen agent

Question 35

What medications are used to treat erectile dysfunction? What are some precautions with these medications?

Answer 35

``` Cialis (Tadalafil) Viagra (Sildenafil) Avoid alcohol Avoid co-administration with antihypertensive agents Change position slowly Report hearing loss or ringing in ears May have dizziness and headache Don’t take with Nitrates Seek medical care if a priapism occurs ```