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test 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

what is a likely side effect to non-pregnant women (non-gravid) after 450 mSv

A

increased genetic risk

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2
Q

why is protraction or fractionation dose better tolerated by tissue than a single dose

A

tissue repair occurs between subsequent exposures. allows normal tissue to repair between fractions

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3
Q

what are the two principle genetic cells of the body

A

spermatogonia oogonia

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4
Q

what is carcinogenesis

A

origin or production of malignant neoplasms

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5
Q

the relative amount of radiation that produces late effects is most often what

A

25 years

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6
Q

the principle symptoms associated with the manifest illness stage of the gastrointestinal syndrome are?

A

dehydration and electrolyte imbalance

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7
Q

acute effects regardless of time or expression of injury are caused by

A

depletion of parenchymal

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8
Q

chronic effects are

A

irreversible and progressive early stages, depletion of critical nonparenchymal cells

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9
Q

which of the following is true concerning the comparative risks of occupational radiation workers compared to the workers in non radiation industries

A

radiation therapists have risks which are about the same as most workers in other occupations

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10
Q

which of the following cells is most likely to show the greatest detrimental effects to exposure to radiation

A

spermatogonia, erythroblasts, epidermal stem cells, gi stem cells

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11
Q

the most radiosensitive of the major components of the bone are

A

osteoblasts

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12
Q

t/f 500 to 800 cGy per minute is considered a high dose rate-

A

true

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13
Q

total equivalent dose for the fetus

A

1 mSv

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14
Q

acute changes are characterized in an organ by

A

edema, inflammation, hemorrhage

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15
Q

the period of time after an acute exposure to radiation in which the effects of the exposure are seen is called

A

manifest

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16
Q

dose equivalent exposure non stochastic effect for the lens of the eye

A

15 rem, 0.15 Sv, 150mSv

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17
Q

the maximum permissible dose for occupational for occupational exposed workers

A

5 rem /yr

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18
Q

in the expression ld 50/30 what does the 50 represent

A

50% of population

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19
Q

t/f carcinogenesis is the single most important event in the late effects of radiation therapy

A

false

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20
Q

T/F tissue damage is usually a function of the stromal compartment of cells and tissue

A

false

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21
Q

T/F the GSD is the dose of radiation required per generation to double the spontaneous mutation rate

A

false, doubling dose

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22
Q

T/F NVD syndrome represents the prodromal stage

A

true

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23
Q

t/f the manifest illness stage of the TBS reflects all symptoms, not just the system damaged

A

False

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24
Q

T/F patients either improve or die in the prodromal stage of the total body syndrome

A

false

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25
T/F 500 to 800 cGy per minute is considered a high dose rate-
true
26
the GSD is the dose of radiation required per generation to double the spontaneous mutation rate
false
27
T/F the GI syndrome is due to destructions of both the GI tract and bone marrow
true
28
T/F in the total body syndrome BMT has proven to increase survival
true
29
T/F repair of an organ treated with radiation always restores the organ to its original function
false
30
what is a roentgen
dose measured in air
31
what is rem
dose in rads times quality factor
32
how many rems in 1 Sv
100 rem
33
1 Gy is ___ rads
100
34
T/F chronic effects can occur years after radiation is complete
true
35
occupational exposure to extremities
50 rem or 0.5 Sv
36
the embryo fetus in rems
0.5
37
what's the annual occupational exposure limit in rems?
5 rem or 0.05 Sv
38
general public exposure in mSv
0.1 rem/yr
39
a patient receives a dose equivalent to 4 rads from a simulation for an abdomen setup. this patient works in radiography there dose equivalent is?
--
40
state the absorbed dose of a patient who has received 600 rads of radiation
6 Gy
41
T/F a film monitoring badge can be used for measurement of x-rays, betta, and gamma rays
true
42
1 Sv = how many rem?
100
43
OER is?
oxygen enhancement ratio
44
T/F OER is equivalent to the dose radiation that produces a given biological effect with oxygen
true
45
drugs that have the ability to increase the effect of radiation, when used in conduction with treatment are they radio sensitizers or radio protectors?
radio sensitizers
46
how do the lungs and kidney heal, by repair or regeneration?
regeneration
47
skin and bone marrow damage heal by what? repair or regeneration?
repair
48
1 Sv = how many rem?
100 rem
49
radiation hepatitis
the consequence of vascular changes
50
radiation pneumotitis
primary early change in lung after XRT
51
what is the life span of granulocytes
a few days
52
how do the lungs and kidney heal, by repair or regeneration?
repair
53
skin and bone marrow damage heal by what? repair or regeneration?
regeneration
54
high growth fraction tissue have a ___ doubling time
shorter
55
which cells below pose the biggest problem in clinical radiation therapy
non proliferating cells that are hypoxic but viable
56
as the dose increases the probability of affects increases but no the severity of effect. is stochastic or non-stochastic
stochastic
57
the rate of tumor growth is a balance of what factor or factors
the rate of cell loss
58
what is the stromal compartment of the cell
normal blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, connective tissue, and nerve tissue
59
the gradient of oxygen tension in a tumor is highest near the vessel or away from the vessels
next to vessels
60
erythrocytes
120 day life span
61
symptoms of fever and malaise associated with a reduction in the number leukocytes is one of the major characteristics of the:
hematologic syndrome
62
the relative amount of radiation that produces late effects is most often
substantially less than the exposure needed to cause the early effect
63
primary chronic effects can appear a ___ time after an acute response subsides
long
64
acute effects occur ___ after treatment in both acutely responding and late responding normal tissue
shortly
65
the period of major organogenesis normally occurs during the ___ of fetal development
second to eighth week
66
which of the following cells is most likely to show the greatest detrimental effects to 25 R exposure to radiation
leukocytes
67
total equivalent dose for the fetus
5 mSv
68
patients either improve or die in the prodromal stage of the total body syndrome
false
69
Ethyol (amifostine) is a radiation protector
true
70
radiation sensitizers shift the cell survival curve to the left.
true
71
failure to repair damage and the ultimate secondary effect of radiation
necrosis
72
granulocytes
1 day or 24 hr lifespan
73
intrinsic radiosensitivity of cells can vary widely
true
74
these cells are the most radioresistant
cells in group 1 close to vessel

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