Test #3 - Chapters 6&7 Flashcards
Chapters 6&7 (41 cards)
What are the brain regions involved in the creation and storage of memory?
Temporal Cortex : Storage
Prefrontal Brain Regions : Encoding & Retrieval
What is sensory memory?
A stage of memory that registers information about the environment and holds it for a very brief period of time.
What is whole-report procedure?
When participants are asked to report all the times of a display.
What is a partial-report procedure?
When participants are cued to report only some of the items in a display.
Sperling’s Experiment Findings:
There is an existence of a visual sensory store; sometimes called iconic memory; # of items reported decreased as the delay in the cuing tone increased.
What is echoic memory?
An echo is a brief persistence of a sound in the auditory system.
Theory of Short-Term Memory (Atkinson and Shiffrin)
As information is rehearsed in a limited-capacity short-term memory, it is deposited in long-term memory.
What is memory span?
Number of elements one can immediately repeat back. Typically short-term memory span is about 7 items of information.
What did Craik and Lockhart have to say about the depth of processing?
That rehearsal improves memory only if the material is rehearsed in a deep and meaningful way. Shallow processing = fragile memory
deep processing = durable memory.
What is the purpose of the visuospatial sketchpad?
System used for rehearsing visual images
What is the phonological loop?
System used for rehearsing verbal information.
What is the central executive system?
A system for controlling sub-systems like the visuospatial sketchpad and the phonological loop.
The phonological loop consists of what two parts?
The articulatory loop and the phonological store.
What is the articulatory loop?
- “Inner voice”
- involves speech
- used during rehearsal of
verbal information.
What is phonological store?
- “inner ear”
- hears the inner voice and
stores the information in
phonological form. - the word-length effect
- harder to remember a
list of multi-syllable
words than a list of
single-syllable words.
What is the goal of working memory?
brief retention of information, rather than long-term storage.
What is activation in long-term memory?
A rapidly changing state of memory traces that determine both the probability and speed of access to the memory trace.
What is free-association task?
Speed and probability of accessing a memory or naming something in a free association task determined by: base-level activation and activation received from associate concepts.
What does the PQ4R method stand for?
Preview, Questions, Read, Reflect, Recite, and Review
What is incidental vs. intentional learning?
Intention to learn material is not as important to memory as how the reader processes it. Level of processing, and not whether one intends to learn, determines amount of material remembered.
What are flashbulb memories?
Particularly good memory for events that are very important or traumatic. Flashbulb memories may not be as accurate as originally thought and may fade with time.
What did the study of electrical stimulation of the cortex find?
Stimulation of the temporal or parietal lobes with neurosurgical procedure led to reports of memories that patients were unable to report in normal recall.
What is the retention function?
Even though there is no conscious memory of seeing something, aspects of how it was experienced will be retained in our brains.
What is the fan effect?
An increase in reaction time is related to an increase in the number of facts associated with a concept. More facts emanating from the network representation of the concept.
