Test 3 - Lecture 23

Question 1

The Golgi Apparatus -

Regulated pathways include release of ______ from _________ ______ and _________ from nerve cells.

Answer 1

hormones
endocrine cells
neutotransmitters

Question 2

The Golgi Apparatus -

These proteins aggregate in the ________ network and are packaged in ________ granules.

Answer 2

trans - Golgi

secretory

Question 3

The Golgi Apparatus -

The granules store their contents until signals direct their ______ with the ______ membrane.

Answer 3

fusion

plasma

Question 4

In _______ cells of the epithelial tissue, plasma membranes are ______
into ______ _______ and _______ ______ , each with specific proteins.

Answer 4

polarized
divided
apical domains
basolateral domains

Question 5

Proteins leaving the ______ Golgi network must be selectively packaged and transported to the correct domain.

Answer 5

trans

Question 6

______ and plant cells lack lysosomes.

Answer 6

Yeast

Question 7

Proteins are transported from the Golgi to the ______

Answer 7

vacuole

Question 8

A yeast vacuole

1. Same functions as a _______
2. _______ storage
3. Maintaining _____ pressure

Answer 8

lysosome,
nutrient
turgor

Question 9

Proteins are directed to vacuoles by short _______ ________.

Answer 9

peptide sequences

Question 10

The selectivity of vesicular transport is key to maintaining the functional _________ of a cell.

Answer 10

organization

Question 11

Vesicles must recognize and fuse only with the appropriate ______ membrane.

Answer 11

target

Question 12

Understanding the mechanisms that control vesicular transport is a major area of research in ____ _______.

Answer 12

cell biology

Question 13

Three experimental approaches have been used:

1. ______ of yeast mutants defective in protein transport and ______
2. Reconstruction of vesicular transport in cell - ______ systems
3. _______ analysis of synaptic vesicles

Answer 13

1. Isolation
   Sorting
2. free
3. Biochemical

Question 14

Yeast mutants can be defective at various stages of protein _______ (sec mutants), or are unable to transport proteins to the ______, or retain resident ____ proteins.

Answer 14

secretion
vacuole
ER

Question 15

1.Isolation of mutants led to molecular _____ and analysis of corresponding genes and _______ of proteins.

Answer 15

cloning

identification

Question 16

2. Reconstituted systems (in vitro):
   Enabled isolation of transport proteins, study of the transport process, and functional analysis of the ______ identified by ________ in yeasts.

Answer 16

proteins

mutations

Question 17

3. Synaptic transmission in neurons is a specialized form of _______ secretion.
   Synapse: junction of a ______ with another cell.
   Chemical neurotransmitters are stored in the neuron in ______ _______.

Answer 17

regulated
neuron
synaptic vesicles

Question 18

Transport vesicles with secretory proteins are coated with ______ ________.

Answer 18

coat proteins

Question 19

The coats assemble as the vesicle buds off and are removed in the _______ before it reaches its target.

Answer 19

cytosol

Question 20

The vesicles fuse with the target membrane.
______ their cargo,
Insert their membrane _______ into the ______ membrane

Answer 20

Empty
proteins
target

Question 21

Three families of vesicle coat proteins:

1. _____ - ______ ________ carry proteins from the __ to the _______ and on to the Golgi apparatus.

Answer 21

COPII - coated vesicles
ER
ERGIC

Question 22

Three families of vesicle coat proteins:
2. _____ - ______ ______ bud from the ERGIC or Golgi and carry their cargo back, returning proteins to _______ compartments.

Answer 22

COPI - coated vesicles

earlier

Question 23

Three families of vesicle coat proteins:
3. _____ - ______ _______ transport in _____ directions between the trans Golgi network, endosomes, lysosomes, and plasma membrane.

Answer 23

Clathrin - coated vesicles

both

Question 24

Formation if a clathrin - coated vesicle.

Formation of coated vesicles is regulated by small ___ - _____ ______ (ARF1 and Sar1) related to Ras and Ran.

Answer 24

GTP - binding proteins

Question 25

Formation of a clathrin - coated vesicle the GTP - binding proteins recruit ______ proteins that mediate vesicle assembly by interacting with _____ proteins and with _____ proteins.

Answer 25

adaptor cargo coat

Question 26

Fusion of a transport vesicle with its target: 1. The vesicle must _____ the correct target membrane. 2. Vesicle and target membrane must _____, delivering the contents to the _____ _______.

Answer 26

1. recognize 2. fuse target organelle

Question 27

Interaction between the ______ vesicles and the _____ membranes is mediated by ______ factors and small - GTP binding proteins ( ___ proteins).

Answer 27

transport target tethering Rab

Question 28

Vesicle ___ _____ in the active GTP - bound state bind membrane ______ ______.

Answer 28

Rab proteins | tethering factors

Question 29

Tetherign factors also bind coat proteins, and may stimulate formation of ______between transmembrane proteins called ______.

Answer 29

complexes | SNAREs

Question 30

Formations of complexes between _____ and target _____ is required for fusion.

Answer 30

vesicle | SNAREs

Question 31

_____ - ______ pairing provides the _____ to bring the two bilayers close enough to destabilize them and fuse.

Answer 31

SNARE - SNARE | energy

Question 32

SNARE proteins have a central _____ - ____ domain. | This domain binds to other _____ - _____ domains and _____ the SNAREs on vesicle and target membranes together.

Answer 32

coiled - coil coiled - coil zips

Question 33

This brings the ___ membranes into ____ contact and leads to fusion of the lipid bilayers.

Answer 33

two | direct

Question 34

1. To initiate fusion, Rab/GTP on the ______ ______ interacts with the effector proteins and _ - ______ to assemble a pre - fusion complex.

Answer 34

transport vesicle | v - SNAREs

Question 35

2. A different ___ protein on the target membrane organizes other effector proteins and _ - ______.

Answer 35

Rab | t - SNAREs

Question 36

3. The ______ proteins link the membranes by protein - protein interactions (tethering).

Answer 36

effector

Question 37

4. Tethering simulates Rab/GTP _______ brings the _____ - _____ domains of the SNAREs together where they bind tightly.

Answer 37

hydrolysis | coiled - coil

Question 38

5. After membrane fusion, a protein complex (NSF/SNAP complex) _________ the SNAREs, allowing them to be ______.

Answer 38

disassemles | reused