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Western Civilizations > Test 3 Multiple Choice > Flashcards

Test 3 Multiple Choice Flashcards

1
Q

German mobilization/arms race

A

British concerned about growing Germany army

Resulted in costly building competition

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2
Q

Balkan powder keg

A

Tense feeling of the people in the Balkan region

Spark that set off the war

Assassination by a Serbian(Balkan) of the heir to the Austria-Hungarian throne (Franz Ferdinand)

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3
Q

Black Hand

A

Secret Serbian military group that played a part in assassinating Franz Ferdinand

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4
Q

No man’s land/“project power forward”

A

Area of land between two enemy trenches

Open land, barbed wire and machine guns

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5
Q

Western front stalemate

A

Defense was stronger than offense

New weaponry, trench warfare

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6
Q

German U-boats

A

German submarine

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7
Q

Irish Easter Sunday revolt

A

Irish nationalist uprising against Britain to declare an Irish Republic (independence!)

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8
Q

Zimmerman telegram

A

German telegram to Mexico intercepted by Britain and shared with the U.S.

Said if U.S. entered the war, Germany would support Mexico

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9
Q

Germany unrestricted submarine warfare

A

Germans would take ANY ship down

Led u.s. into WWI

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10
Q

Russian February revolution of 1917

A

Monarchy overthrown and replaced with a provisional(emergency) government

Triggered by food shortages

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11
Q

Leon Trotsky/Petrograd Soviet

A

Leader of the Soviet/communist Red army

Workers council representing the peasants

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12
Q

Vladimir Lenin

A

Russian communist revolutionary

Organize attack on provisions gov’t and declare soviet rule of Russian state

Head of gov’t of Soviet Russia

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13
Q

Russian October revolution of 1917

A

Pulled Russia out of WWI

Ended in Bolshevik/Soviet led Russia

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14
Q

Soviet Russian Republic

A

Worlds first constitutionally communist state

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15
Q

Armistice Day (11/11/18)

A

Ended fighting between allies and their last opponent (Germany)

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16
Q

Paris Peace Conference

A

Meeting of the allied powers to set peace terms for the defeated central power

Involved diplomats from many different countries

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17
Q

Woodrow Wilson

A

President of United States

One of the big four in the Paris peace conference

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18
Q

Fourteen points

A

Fourteen goals of the United States in the peace negotiations following WWI

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19
Q

German war reparations

A

Germany must pay billions of dollars to the allied nations

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20
Q

Russian civil war (reds vs whites vs greens)

A

Communists vs everyone else (greens=renegade peasants)

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21
Q

Red army

A

Bolsheviks/communists

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22
Q

Agricultural collectivization and heavy industrialization

A

Stalin’s first 5 year plan called for this

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23
Q

Stalin’s first five-year plan

A

Industrialization and urbanization

Any other program was cut

Quantity over quality

Protestor sent to forced labor camps

24
Q

Stalin’s great purges

A

Eliminate all real and potential enemies

No one was safe

25
Black shirts/March on Rome
Fascist militia King is forced to hand over power
26
Il Duce
Supreme leader in Italian
27
Friedrich Ebert
Leader of the social democrat movement in Germany
28
Beer Hall Putsch
Hitlers attempt to take over Bavaria from Munich Fails->hitler imprisoned->increases fame
29
Nazi germany “monolithic efficiency”
One-party state
30
SS/Heinrich Himmler
Hitlers terror group (elite army) Himmler led Completely loyal to hitler
31
The gestapo
Secret german police
32
Hitler youth
Modeled on the Boy Scouts and taught Nazi ideology
33
Nazi racism/anti-semitism
Hitler placed blame on the Jewish people for Germany’s economic issues
34
Nuremberg Decree
All Jews are not citizens Defined by bloodline
35
Great Depression
Credit, risky investments, war debt Economic global crisis Began in US Ends with policy changes-> government helps people
36
US Stock market crash (1929)
People buying on credit/banks lending out too much money People tried to withdraw their money from banks->banks closed
37
Franklin Roosevelt (FDR)
Led the US through the Great Depression and WWII
38
Albert Einstein/relativity and quantum physics
Physicist that studied space and time
39
WWII Main Causes
- European power balance (rise of Germany and Japan) - mass ideologies (anti-semitism, nationalism) - harsh german punishment - league of nation failure
40
Kellogg-Briand Pact
Agreement to outlaw the use of war to resolve conflicts
41
Japanese invasion of Manchuria
- Japanese wanted to expand | - League of nations did nothing
42
Greater Pacific Co-Prosperity Sphere
Freedom and independence from western colonial oppression Promoted the cultural and economic unity of Asian nations
43
Japanese empire
Want to expand
44
Japanese invasion of China/rape of Nanjing
The rape and murder of thousands of honest civilians by Japanese soldiers
45
German Lebensraum (“Living Space”)
Expansion to provide living space for the growing german race
46
Munich conference
Hitler trying to obtain Sudetenland (Czechoslovakia) legally
47
Nazi-Soviet non-aggression pact
Agreement hitler won’t go after Russia
48
Hitlers invasion of poland
Starts WWII Britain and France declare war on Germany
49
Winter War (Finland)
Soviets defeat Finland
50
Winston Churchill
British prime minister Led Britain from brink of defeat
51
Battle of the Atlantic
Fight for control of Atlantic sea routes Submarines and battleships
52
Enigma machine/Ultra/Bletchley Park
Used to decipher German code Intelligence=ultra (codename) Bletchley Park=home of WWII code breakers
53
North Africa (Erwin Rommel and Africa Korps)
German force in Africa during WWII Respected military commander “desert fox”
54
Philippines (Corregidor and Bataan death march)
Death march=forced transfer of American and Filipino prisoners of war Battle of Corregidor = Japanese victory over Philippines
55
Hitlers “New Order”
Political order hitler wanted to impose on his conquered areas
56
Yugoslavia (Tito)
Successful anti-Nazi communist resistance group
57
Einsatzgruppen
German death squad

Western Civilizations (8 decks)

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