Test 3 Muscle & Mobility

Question 1

Microtubules w/ Tubulin, Dynein, and Kinesin molecules compose what key cellular structures?

Answer 1

Cilia
Flagella
Centrioles
Basal Bodies
Centromeres
Mitotic Spindles

Question 2

What structural protein is a ropelike fiber w/ diameter of about 10nm, made of intermediate filament proteins?

Answer 2

Intermediate Filaments

Question 3

What structural protein extend across the cytoplasm, giving cells mechanical strength and carrying the mechanical stresses in an epithelial tissue by spanning cytoplasm from one cell-cell junction, forms meshwork called nuclear lamina just beneath inner nuclear membrane?

Answer 3

Intermediate Filaments

Question 4

What structural protein is a long, hollow cylinder made of protein tubulin, more ridged than actin filaments or intermediate filaments?

Answer 4

Microtubules

Question 5

The long and straight microtubules attached one to a single microtubule-organizing center called?

Answer 5

Centrosome

Question 6

What structural protein is a helical polymers of the protein actin, flexible and organized into linear bundles, and most highly concentrated in the cortex just beneath the plasma membrane of the cell?

Answer 6

Actin Filaments (AKA: Microfilaments)

Question 7

What are the basic components of a muscle?

Answer 7

Actin
Tropomyosin-Troponins
Myosin
Myosin Light Chains
Actin-Binding Proteins

Question 8

What organ specializes in transforming chemical energy (from ATP) into mechanical work?

Answer 8

Muscle

Question 9

What are the two major proteins involved in contraction in all muscles?

Answer 9

Actin and Myosin

Question 10

Skeletal, Cardiac, and Smooth muscles have repeating units w/ actin and myosin muscle fibers called what?

Answer 10

Sarcomere

Question 11

What is the muscle cells equivalent to a plasma membrane?

Answer 11

Sarcolemma

Question 12

What is the muscle cells equivalent of Smooth ER?

Answer 12

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (SR) [contain Ca^2+)

Question 13

What is the name of the specialized invaginations of the SR that interlock between the muscle fibers to provide efficient delivery of Calcium?

Answer 13

Transverse Tubules (T-tubules)

Question 14

What type of muscle is composed of large, elongated, multinucleated fibers, w/ strong, quick, voluntary contractions?

Answer 14

Skeletal Muscle

Question 15

What type of muscle is composed of irregular branched cells bound together longitudinally by intercalated disks w/ strong, involuntary contractions?

Answer 15

Cardiac Muscle

Question 16

What type of muscle is composed of grouped, spindle-shaped cells w/ weak, involuntary contractions?

Answer 16

Smooth Muscle

Question 17

Each Thin Filament of muscle is composed of what?

Answer 17

F-Actin
Tropomyosin
Troponin Complexes

Question 18

Each Thick Filament of muscle is composed of what?

Answer 18

Myosin (Many) heavy chain molecules bundled together along rod-like tails, w/heads exposed and directed toward neighboring thin filaments

Question 19

What holds the thick myofilament bundles in place?

Answer 19

Myosin-binding proteins within the M-Line

Question 20

In the Sarcomere Structure what is the anchor for the Actin and for the Myosin?

Answer 20

Actin Anchor: Z-Line

Myosin Anchor: M-Line

Question 21

What band in the Sarcomere Structure is Actin only?

Answer 21

I Band (Lighter)

Question 22

What band in the Sarcomere Structure is Myosin and Actin?

Answer 22

A Band (Darker)

Question 23

Which Band shrinks during contraction and which band remains constant?

Answer 23

Shrinks: I-Band
Constant: A-Band