Test 3 - P1 Flashcards by alexis kotsovolos

The reproductive sac that contains spores is called:
a. sporangium
b. soredia
c. septa
d. thallus

a. sporangium

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Which is true?
a. all fungi are unicellular or colonial as they do not contain differentiated or specialized cells.
b. The bulk of basidiomycetes (mushrooms) is found underground.
c. Coenocytic hypha contain nuclei that are divided into separate compartments.

b. The bulk of basidiomycetes (mushrooms) is found underground.

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Which carbohydrate is usually found in fungal cell walls?
a. cellulose
b. starch
c. chitin

C. Chitin

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This fungi classification has chitin and cellulose in its cell walls:
a. deuteromycota
b. chytridiomycota
c. glomeromycota
d. basidiomycota

b. chytridiomycota

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Which phylum is associated with the mutualistic relationship between fungi & plant roots?
a. glomeromycota
b. zygomycota
c. ascomycota
d. basidiomycota

a. glomeromycota

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A obligate anaerobe fungi would most likely be found where?

In a rumen of a cow

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Fusion of cytoplasm without fusion of nuclei is called:
a. saprobic
b. plasmogamy
c. soredia
d. kyogamy

b. plasmogamy

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Which statement is true?
a. fungi are more closely related to plants than animals since they remain in one place & grow in ground.
b. all fungi can reproduce sexually and asexually through alternation of generations, similar to plants.
c. fungal cells contain chloroplasts
d. fungi have developed mutualistic relationships with the plant, animal, and protist kingdoms

d. fungi have developed mutualistic relationships with the plant, animal, and protist kingdoms

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Ascomycetes are characterized by how many ascospores?
4, 2, 1, 8

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The wall dividing cells in a fungal filament is called?
a. mycelium
b. thallus
c. septum
d. hyphae

c. septum

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Phylum Nematoda (roundworms)
a. are pseudocoelomates
b. are always monoecious
c. exhibit segmentation
d. are radially symmetrical

a. are pseudocoelomates

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Mollusks:
a. can be bilaterally or radially symmetrical
b. compromise about 1/4 of all marine species
c. live in marine environments
d. are identifiable since they all have shells

c. live in marine environments

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Planaria (a species found in phylum Platyhelminthes):
a. responds to chemical stimuli, but not light stimuli
b. is hermaphroditic (both male & female reproductive system)
c. also called a roundworm
d. has a circulatory & respiratory system that moves oxygen throughout its body

b. is hermaphroditic (both male & female reproductive system)

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Which of the following is true?
a. Cnidarians have both a sexual & different asexual form
b. Cnidarian medusa & polyp forms are both diploid
c. Cnidarian have 2 true germ layers - endoderm & ectoderm
d. all of the above are true

d. all of the above are true

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Platyhelminthes exhibit what type of body plan?
a. coelomate
b. eucoelomate
c. acoelomate
d. pseudocoelomate

c. acoelomate

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Spiders are found in subphylum:
a. arachnida
b. chelicerata
c. insecta

b. chelicerata

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Planaria (a species categorized in phylum Platyhelminthes):
a. has one opening that serves as both mouth & anus
b. is radially symmetrical
c. only can reproduce sexually, not asexually
d. is parasitic

a. has one opening that serves as both mouth & anus

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The worm that causes trichinosis after consuming undercooked pork is a:
a. flatworm
b. roundworm
c. segmented worm

b. roundworm

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The phylum with the most known species is:
a. annelida
b. mollusca
c. arthropoda

c. arthropoda

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Which of the following statements is true?
a. A dikaryotic ascus that forms in the ascocarp undergoes karyogamy, meiosis, and mitosis to form eight ascospores.
b. A diploid ascus that forms in the ascocarp undergoes karyogamy, meiosis, and mitosis to form eight ascospores.
c. A haploid zygote that forms in the ascocarp undergoes karyogamy, meiosis, and mitosis to form eight ascospores.
d. A dikaryotic ascus that forms in the ascocarp undergoes plasmogamy, meiosis, and mitosis to form eight ascospores.

a. A dikaryotic ascus that forms in the ascocarp undergoes karyogamy, meiosis, and mitosis to form eight ascospores.

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Which of the following statements is true?
a. A basidium is the fruiting body of a mushroom-producing fungus, and it forms four basidiocarps.
b. The result of the plasmogamy step is four basidiospores.
c. Karyogamy results directly in the formation of mycelia.
d. A basidiocarp is the fruiting body of a mushroom-producing fungus.

d. A basidiocarp is the fruiting body of a mushroom-producing fungus.

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Which of these organelles is not found in a fungal cell?
chloroplast
nucleus
mitochondrion
Golgi apparatus

chloroplasts

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During sexual reproduction, a homothallic mycelium contains
all septated hyphae
all haploid nuclei
both mating types
none of the above

both mating types

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The life cycles of perfect fungi are most similar to which other organism?
Hydra that undergo asexual budding
Diploid-dominant pea plants
Haploid-dominant green algae
Bacteria undergoing binary fission

Haploid-dominant green algae

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The most primitive phylum of fungi is the ________. Chytridiomycota Zygomycota Glomeromycota Ascomycota

Chytridiomycota

Members of which phylum produce a club-shaped structure that contains spores? Chytridiomycota Basidiomycota Glomeromycota Ascomycota

Basidiomycota

Members of which phylum establish a successful symbiotic relationship with the roots of trees? Ascomycota Deuteromycota Basidiomycota Glomeromycota

Glomeromycota

The fungi that do not reproduce sexually used to be classified as ________. Ascomycota Deuteromycota Basidiomycota Glomeromycota

Deuteromycota

A scientist discovers a new species of fungus that introduces genetic diversity during reproduction by creating a diploid zygote. This new species cannot belong to which modern phylum of fungi? Zygomycota Glomeromycota Chytridiomycota Deuteromycota

Glomeromycota

What term describes the close association of a fungus with the root of a tree? a rhizoid a lichen a mycorrhiza an endophyte

a mycorrhiza (a symbiotic association b/w a fungus & the roots of a vascular plant)

Why are fungi important decomposers? They produce many spores. They can grow in many different environments. They produce mycelia. They recycle carbon and inorganic minerals by the process of decomposition.

They recycle carbon and inorganic minerals by the process of decomposition.

Consider an ecosystem where all the fungi not involved in mycorrhizae are eliminated. How would this affect nitrogen intake by plants? Nitrogen intake would increase. Nitrogen intake would not change. Nitrogen intake would decrease. Nitrogen intake would stop.

Nitrogen intake would decrease

A fungus that climbs up a tree reaching higher elevation to release its spores in the wind and does not receive any nutrients from the tree or contribute to the tree’s welfare is described as a ________. commensal mutualist parasite pathogen

commensal

A fungal infection that affects nails and skin is classified as ________. systemic mycosis mycetismus superficial mycosis mycotoxicosis

superficial mycosis

The targets for anti-fungal drugs are much more limited than antibiotics or anti-viral medications. Why? There are more bacteria and viruses than fungi. Fungi can only be targeted during sexual reproduction, while bacteria and viruses can be targeted at any point in their lifespan. Fungi cause topical infections, while viruses and bacteria cause systemic infections. Human cells are much more similar to fungi cells than bacteria or viruses.

Human cells are much more similar to fungi cells than bacteria or viruses.

Yeast is a facultative anaerobe. This means that alcohol fermentation takes place only if: the temperature is close to 37°C the atmosphere does not contain oxygen sugar is provided to the cells light is provided to the cells

the atmosphere does not contain oxygen

The advantage of yeast cells over bacterial cells to express human proteins is that: yeast cells grow faster yeast cells are easier to manipulate genetically yeast cells are eukaryotic and modify proteins similarly to human cells yeast cells are easily lysed to purify the proteins

yeast cells are eukaryotic and modify proteins similarly to human cells

Why are fungal insecticides an attractive alternative to chemical pesticides for growing food crops? Human consumption of fungal insecticides would not make a person sick, but ingestion of chemical pesticides can be harmful to humans. A single fungal insecticide would kill a wider variety of insects than a chemical pesticide. Fungal insecticides can eliminate both harmful insects and plant pathogens, while chemical pesticides only kill insects. Fungal insecticides will decompose dying plants, enhancing the nitrogen content of the soil, while chemical pesticides are not decomposers.

Human consumption of fungal insecticides would not make a person sick, but ingestion of chemical pesticides can be harmful to humans.

Which of the following statements is false? Eumetazoans have specialized tissues and parazoans don’t. Lophotrochozoa and Ecdysozoa are both Bilataria. Acoela and Cnidaria both possess radial symmetry. Arthropods are more closely related to nematodes than they are to annelids.

Acoela and Cnidaria both possess radial symmetry.

Which of the following statements about diploblasts and triploblasts is false? Animals that display radial symmetry are diploblasts. Animals that display bilateral symmetry are triploblasts. The endoderm gives rise to the lining of the digestive tract and the respiratory tract. The mesoderm gives rise to the central nervous system.

The mesoderm gives rise to the central nervous system.

Which of the following is not a feature common to most animals? development into a fixed body plan asexual reproduction specialized tissues heterotrophic nutrient sourcing

asexual reproduction

During embryonic development, unique cell layers develop into specific groups of tissues or organs during a stage called ________. the blastula stage the germ layer stage the gastrula stage the organogenesis stage

the gastrula stage

Which of the following phenotypes would most likely be the result of a Hox gene mutation? abnormal body length or height two different eye colors the contraction of a genetic illness two fewer appendages than normal

two fewer appendages than normal

Which of the following organisms is most likely to be a diploblast? sea star shrimp jellyfish insect

jellyfish

Which of the following is not possible? radially symmetrical diploblast diploblastic eucoelomate protostomic coelomate bilaterally symmetrical deuterostome

diploblastic eucoelomate

An animal whose development is marked by radial cleavage and enterocoely is ________. a deuterostome an annelid or mollusk either an acoelomate or eucoelomate none of the above

a dueterostome

Consulting the modern phylogenetic tree of animals, which of the following would not constitute a clade? deuterostomes lophotrochozoans Parazoa Bilateria

Parazoa

Which of the following is thought to be the most closely related to the common animal ancestor? fungal cells protist cells plant cells bacterial cells

protist cells

As with the emergence of the Acoelomorpha phylum, it is common for ____ data to misplace animals in close relation to other species, whereas ____ data often reveals a different and more accurate evolutionary relationship. molecular : morphological molecular : fossil record fossil record : morphological morphological : molecular

morphological: molecular

Which of the following periods is the earliest during which animals may have appeared? Ordovician period Cambrian period Ediacaran period Cryogenian period

Edicaran period

What type of data is primarily used to determine the existence and appearance of early animal species? molecular data fossil data morphological data embryological development data

fossil data

The time between 542–488 million years ago marks which period? Cambrian period Silurian period Ediacaran period Devonian period

Cambrian period

Until recent discoveries suggested otherwise, animals existing before the Cambrian period were believed to be: small and ocean-dwelling small and nonmotile small and soft-bodied small and radially symmetrical or asymmetrical

small and soft-bodied

Plant life first appeared on land during which of the following periods? Cambrian period Ordovician period Silurian period Devonian period

Ordovician period

Approximately how many mass extinction events occurred throughout the evolutionary history of animals? 3 4 5 more than 5

Which of the following statements is false? Choanocytes have flagella that propel water through the body. Pinacocytes can transform into any cell type. Lophocytes secrete collagen. Porocytes control the flow of water through pores in the sponge body.

Pinacocytes can transform into any cell type.

Which of the following statements about the anatomy of a mollusk is false? Mollusks have a radula for grinding food. A digestive gland is connected to the stomach. The tissue beneath the shell is called the mantle. The digestive system includes a gizzard, a stomach, a digestive gland, and the intestine.

The digestive system includes a gizzard, a stomach, a digestive gland, and the intestine.

Which of the following statements about insects is false? Insects have both dorsal and ventral blood vessels. Insects have spiracles, openings that allow air to enter into the tracheal system. The trachea is part of the digestive system. Most insects have a well-developed digestive system with a mouth, crop, and intestine.

The trachea is part of the digestive system

Mesohyl contains: a polysaccharide gel and dead cells. a collagen-like gel and suspended cells for various functions. spicules composed of silica or calcium carbonate. multiple pores.

a collagen-like gel and suspended cells for various functions.

The large central opening in the parazoan body is called the: gemmule. spicule. ostia. osculum.

osculum

Most sponge body plans are slight variations on a simple tube-within-a-tube design. Which of the following is a key limitation of sponge body plans? Sponges lack the specialized cell types needed to produce more complex body plans. The reliance on osmosis/diffusion requires a design that maximizes the surface area to volume ratio of the sponge. Choanocytes must be protected from the hostile exterior environment. Spongin cannot support heavy bodies.

The reliance on osmosis/diffusion requires a design that maximizes the surface area to volume ratio of the sponge.

Cnidocytes are found in _____. phylum Porifera phylum Nemertea phylum Nematoda phylum Cnidaria

phylum Cnidaria

Cubozoans are ________. polyps medusoids polymorphs sponges

polymorphs

While collecting specimens, a marine biologist finds a sessile Cnidarian. The medusas that bud from it swim by contracting a ring of muscle in their bells. To which class does this specimen belong? Class Hydrozoa Class Cubozoa Class Scyphozoa Class Anthozoa

Class Scyphozoa

Which group of flatworms are primarily ectoparasites of fish? monogeneans trematodes cestodes turbellarians

monogeneans

The rhynchocoel is a ________. circulatory system fluid-filled cavity primitive excretory system proboscis

fluid-filled cavity

Annelids have (a): pseudocoelom. true coelom. no coelom. none of the above

true coelom

A mantle and mantle cavity are present in: phylum Echinodermata. phylum Adversoidea. phylum Mollusca. phylum Nemertea.

phylum Mollusca

How does segmentation enhance annelid locomotion? Segmentation creates repeating body structures so the entire organism functions in synchrony. Segmentation allows specialization of different body regions. Neural segmentation allows annelids to localize sensations. Muscle contractions can be localized to specific regions of the body to coordinate movement.

Muscle contractions can be localized to specific regions of the body to coordinate movement.

The embryonic development in nematodes can have up to __________ larval stages. one two three four

The nematode cuticle contains _____. glucose skin cells chitin nerve cells

chitin

Crustaceans are _____. ecdysozoans nematodes arachnids parazoans

Ecdysozoans

Flies are_______. chelicerates hexapods arachnids crustaceans

hexapods

Which of the following is not a key advantage provided by the exoskeleton of terrestrial arthropods? Prevents dessication Protects internal tissue Provides mechanical support Grows with the arthropod throughout its life

Grows with the arthropod throughout its life

Echinoderms have _____. triangular symmetry radial symmetry hexagonal symmetry pentaradial symmetry

pentaradial symmetry

The circulatory fluid in echinoderms is _____. blood mesohyl water saline

water

Which of the following features does not distinguish humans as a member of phylum Chordata? Human embryos undergo indeterminate cleavage. A spinal cord runs along an adult human’s dorsal side. Human embryos exhibit pharyngeal arches and gill slits. The human coccyx forms from an embryonic tail.

Human embryos undergo indeterminate cleavage.

The sister taxon of the Chordata is the _____. Mollusca Arthropoda Ambulascraria Rotifera

Ambulascraria

Which of the following statements about common features of chordates is true? The dorsal hollow nerve cord is part of the chordate central nervous system. In vertebrate fishes, the pharyngeal slits become the gills. Humans are not chordates because humans do not have a tail. Vertebrates do not have a notochord at any point in their development; instead, they have a vertebral column.

The dorsal hollow nerve cord is part of the chordate central nervous system.

Which of the following statements about the parts of an amniotic egg are false? The allantois stores nitrogenous waste and facilitates respiration. The chorion facilitates gas exchange. The yolk provides food for the growing embryo. The amniotic cavity is filled with albumen.

The amniotic cavity is filled with albumen

Which of the following is not contained in phylum Chordata? Cephalochordata Echinodermata Urochordata Vertebrata

Echinodermata

Which group of invertebrates is most closely related to vertebrates? cephalochordates echinoderms arthropods urochordates

Cephalochordates

Hagfish, lampreys, sharks, and tuna are all chordates that can also be classified into which group? Craniates Vertebrates Cartilaginous fish Cephalochordata

Craniates

Members of Chondrichthyes differ from members of Osteichthyes by having (a) ________. jaw bony skeleton cartilaginous skeleton two sets of paired fins

cartilaginous skeleton

Members of Chondrichthyes are thought to be descended from fishes that had ________. a cartilaginous skeleton a bony skeleton mucus glands slime glands

a bony skeleton

A marine biologist catches a species of fish she has never seen before. Upon examination, she determines that the species has a predominantly cartilaginous skeleton and a swim bladder. If its pectoral fins are not fused with its head, to which category of fish does the specimen belong? Rays Osteichthyes Sharks Hagfish

Osteichthyes

Which of the following is not true of Acanthostega? It was aquatic. It had gills. It had four limbs. It laid shelled eggs.

It laid shelled eggs

Frogs belong to which order? Anura Urodela Caudata Apoda

Anura

During the Mesozoic period, diapsids diverged into_______. pterosaurs and dinosaurs mammals and reptiles lepidosaurs and archosaurs Testudines and Sphenodontia

lepidosaurs and archosaurs

Squamata includes_______. crocodiles and alligators turtles tuataras lizards and snakes

lizards and snakes

Which of the following reptile groups gave rise to modern birds? Lepidosaurs Pterosaurs Anapsids Archosaurs

Archosaurs

A bird or feathered dinosaur is ________. Neornithes Archaeopteryx Enantiornithes Paleognathae

Archaeopteryx

Which of the following feather types helps to reduce drag produced by wind resistance during flight? Flight feathers Primary feathers Secondary feathers Contour feathers

Contour feathers

Eccrine glands produce ________. sweat lipids scents milk

sweat

Monotremes include: kangaroos. koalas. bandicoots. platypuses.

platypuses

The evolution of which of the following features of mammals is hardest to trace through the fossil record? Jaw structure Mammary glands Middle ear structure Development of hair

mammary glands

Which of the following is not an anthropoid? Lemurs Monkeys Apes Humans

lemurs

Which of the following is part of a clade believed to have died out, leaving no descendants? Paranthropus robustus Australopithecus africanus Homo erectus Homo sapiens sapiens

Paranthropus robustus

Which of the following human traits is not a shared characteristic of primates? Hip structure supporting bipedalism Detection and processing of three-color vision Nails at the end of each digit Enlarged brain area associated with vision, and reduced area associated with smell

Detection and processing of three-color vision

Test 3 - P1 Flashcards

(99 cards)