Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

A&P II > Test 3 Respiratory & Digestion A&P > Flashcards

Test 3 Respiratory & Digestion A&P Flashcards

(71 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What organs are part of the upper respiratory tract

A
  • Nose
  • Nasopharynx
  • Laryngopharynx
  • Larynx
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What organs are part of the lower respiratory tract

A
  • Trachea
  • Bronchial Tree
  • Lungs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Functions of the nose

A
  • Passageway for air going to and from the lungs
  • nasal mucosa filters and warms air
  • Smell receptors (Olfactory epithelium)
  • resonated sound for speech
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Paranasal sinuses

A
  • Frontal
  • Maxillary
  • Ethmoid
  • Sphenoid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Scientific name for the throat

A

*Pharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Scientific name for the voice box

A

*Larynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Scientific name for the wind pipe

A

*Trachea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Three parts of the pharynx

A
  • Nasopharynx
  • Oropharynx
  • Laryngopharynx
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Seven openings to the pharynx

A
  • Right & Left auditory (Eustachian) tubes
  • 2 posterior nares
  • Fauces
  • Into the larynx (air passage)
  • Into the esophagus (food & water passage)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Names and functions of the cartilages found in the larynx

A

*Epiglottis - covers air passage when swallowing
*Thyroid - holds air passage open
*Cricoid - connects larynx to trachea
*arytenoid
*Cuneiform
Corniculate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Parts of the Bronchial Tree and how many branches

A
  • 2 Primary Bronchi (Right & Left lung)
  • 5 Secondary Bronchi (3 right & 2 Left
  • 20 Tertiary Bronchi (10 segments on either side)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What cell makes surfactant? Function of Surfactant?

A

*Type II Cell -

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the diaphragm and its function?

A

Muscle used in breathing and separates the thorax cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Structure & location of the pleural membranes

A
  • Parietal Pleura - lines the thoracic cavity; it partitions off the mediastinum
  • Visceral Pleura - lies against the parietal pleura; contains pleural fluid for lubrication, avoiding friction and respirations are painless.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Examples of upper tract infections

A
  • Rhinitis - inflammation of nose
  • Pharyngitis - inflammation of throat
  • Laryngitis - inflammation of vocal cords
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Examples of lower tract infections

A
  • TB - caused by bacteria (mycobacterium tuberculosis)

* Pneumonia (bacterial, viral, fungal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Types of cells found in the alveolus

A
  • Type I cell - endothelium cell
  • Type II cell - makes surfactant
  • Alveolar macrophages
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is 1 Standard Atmospheric Pressure?

A

760 mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is Boyle’s Law & formula

A

Volume of gas varies inversely with the pressure at constant temperature
P1V1=P2V2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is occurring during inspiration to the volume of the lungs and the pressure changes occurring

A
  • During inspiration, pressure in lungs is lower than outside
  • diaphragm contracts and descends and volume increases
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What muscles are working during inspiration?

A
  • External intercostals

* diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What muscles are working during expiration?

A
  • Internal intercostals

* diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Differences between forceful inspiration and normal inspiration

A
  • Inspiration - diaphragm & external intercostals

* Forceful expiration - sternocleidomastoidf, pectoralis minor, & serratus anterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is Tidal Volume?

A

Volume inspired or expired per breath
Males 600mL
Females 500mL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)
Maximum inspiration at end of tidal inspiration Males 3L Females 1.9L
26
What is Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)?
Maximum expiration at end of tidal expiration Males 1.2L Female 800mL
27
What is Total Lung Capacity (TLC)?
Volume in lungs after maximal inspiration Males 6L Females 4.2L
28
What is Residual Lung Volume (RLV)?
Volume in lungs after maximum expiration Males 1.2L Females 1L
29
What is Forced Vital Capacity (FVC)?
Maximum volume expired after maximum inspiration Males 4.8L Females 3.2L
30
Equation for Vital Capacity (VC)
VC=ERV+TV+IRV
31
What is hypoventilation?
Decrease in ventilation that results in elevated CO2 levels; slow, shallow respiration
32
What is dyspnea?
labored or difficult breathing
33
What is Orthopnea?
dyspnea when lying down
34
What is apnea?
cessation of breathing at end of normal expiration
35
What is Cheyne-Stokes?
cycles of apnea and hyperventilation; associated with brain injury
36
What is Biot's
repeated sequences of deep gasps and apnea
37
What is apneusis
cessation of breathing in the inspiratory position
38
What is eupnea
quiet normal breathing
39
What is hypernea?
increased breathing rate to meet need
40
What is hyperventilation?
increase in ventilation in excess of need
41
What is Dalton's Law and the equation?
Partial pressure is directly related to the concentration of the gas in the atmosphere Partial Pressure=(Percentage of gas/100)xatmospheric pressure Percentage of gas=(Partial pressure of gas/atmospheric pressure)x100
42
How is oxygen carried in the blood?
* Dissolved in plasma (about 20%-arterial) | * Combines with hemoglobin (oxyhemoglobin)
43
How is Carbon Dioxide carried in the blood?
* Dissolved in plasma (about 10%) * Attaches to hemoglobin (carbaminohemoglobin-about 20%) * Transported as HCO3 (bicarbonate ion - about 70%)
44
How are bicarbonate ions formed?
CO2+H2O => H2CO3 => H+ +HCO3-
45
Control center for Inspiratory Respiration & function
DRG - Dorsal Respiratory Group | Generation of respiratory rhythm, generation of inspiration
46
Control center for expiratory respiration & function
VRG - Ventral Respiratory Group | Restores breathing rhythm homeostasis, active during forced expiration
47
Control center for apneustic respiration & function
Pons | Increases length and depth of inspiration
48
Control center for pneumotaxic respiration & function
PRG - Pontine Respiratory Group in the Pons | prevents over inflation of the lungs
49
Layers of the GI Tract & what kinds of tissues are found in each
* Mucosa - innermost layer - epithelium, connective * Submucosa - next layer - glandular epithelium, connective tissue, blood vessels * Muscularis - smooth muscle, longitudinal muscle, circular muscle * Serosa or adventia - outermost layer - connective tissue
50
Order of the small intestine
* Duodenum - about 25cm * Jejunum - about 2.5m * Ileum - 3.5m
51
Order of the large intestine
* Ascending colon * Transverse colon * Descending colon * Sigmoid colon
52
What cell in stomach produces HCl acid?
Parietal cell
53
Functions of stomach
* reservoir for food storage * secretes gastric juice, enzymes * churns food * Secretes intrinsic factor needed for absorption of B-12 * absorption of water, alcohol & certain drugs * produces gastrin and ghrelin * HCl acid destroys consumed pathogenic bacteria
54
Function of liver
* detoxify chemicals * synthesis and secretion of bile * metabolism of proteins, fats, carbohydrates * stores iron, oil soluble vitamins and B12 * produces plasma proteins * site of hematopoiesis
55
Function of gallbladder
*stores bile
56
Structure of liver
* 4 lobes - Right, left, caudate, & quadrate | * lobes divided into smaller units called lobules
57
Function and parts of villi
* Found on the inside wall of small intestine, jejunum * contains arteriole, venule, & lacteal vessel * columnar epithelial cells * lined with microvilli
58
Names & Function of salivary glands
* Parotid * sublingual * submandibular Produce enzymes to digest carbohydrates (amylase), and produce mucus
59
Structure & function of pancreas
* pancreatic duct * acinar units make pancreatic juice * beta cells make insulin * alpha cells make glucagon * enzyme lipase
60
What is mastication?
chewing
61
What is deglutination?
swallowing
62
What is segmentation?
mixing movement of food
63
What is peristalsis?
wave like ripple of muscle layer of GI tract
64
What is occurring during the stages of deglutination?
* Oral stage - mouth to oropharynx-uvula seals off nasal cavity * Pharyngeal stage - oropharynx to esophagus * Esophageal stage - esophagus to stomach
65
Action of emulsification of fats by bile
* Bile emulsifies (mechanical breakdown) fats * lipase from the pancreas digests fats * end product of fat digestion is (triglyceride) glycerol & 3 fatty acids
66
Action & examples of digestive enzymes
See card
67
Function of chylomicrons
transports fat soluble & oil soluble substances
68
Phases of gastric secretions
* Cephalic Phase - Sight, smell, taste stimulate medulla oblongata * Gastric phase - Distention, pepsinogen & HCl, protein digestion, increased gastrin * Intestinal Phase - Decreased secretion of gastrin, GIP secretion
69
Examples of cofactor and coenzymes
COFACTOR *ions of minerals like Ca++, Mg++, Mn++, Zn+ COENZYMES *NADH, FADH2
70
Actions & where are digestive system hormones produced?
see card
71
What is the enzyme found in RBCs which converts carbon dioxide and water to carbonic acid?
Carbonic anhydrase

A&P II (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions