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EENT > Test 4 > Flashcards

Test 4 Flashcards

1
Q

prebycusis cause

A

loss of air cells at the organ of corti

loss of cochlear neurons

stria vasculairs degenerates and shrinks and ossicles and tympanic membrane become more rigid leading

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2
Q

prebycusis SX

A

loss of high frequencies

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3
Q

prebycusis RF

A

advance age
male
white race
family history
service/blue-collar occupation
exposure to loud noises
lower education level
cognitive impairment
smoking
high serum homocysteine levels
low folic acid intake
hypertension
diabetes

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4
Q

nutrients to treat dizziness and hearing loss

A

zinc
magnesium
glutathione
myeres cocktail
B6
Vit A
Vit D
bioflavonoids
Vit B12
folic acid
iron
Vit C, E, and alpha lipoic acid

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5
Q

what dose zinc treat

A

prebycusis
SN hearing loss
SSNHL

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6
Q

what dose magnesium treat

A

aminoglycoside antibiotics

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7
Q

what dose glutathione treat

A
  • gentamicin toxicity
  • sensorineural hearing loss
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8
Q

vit a treats

A

sensorineural hearing loss

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9
Q

Vit D treats

A
  • sensorineural hearing loss
  • BPPV
  • ostosclerosis
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10
Q

bioflavonoids treats

A
  • allergies
  • vascular insufficiency
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11
Q

Vit b12 treats

A
  • tinnitus and noise induced hearing loss
  • presbycusis
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12
Q

folic acid

A

slow decline of hearing

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13
Q

iron

A

sensorineural hearing loss

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14
Q

Vit C, E, and alpha lipoic acid

A

presbycusis

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15
Q

meniere’s tx

A
  • low salt
  • test for food allergies
  • B6
  • botanical diuretics
  • constitutional homeopathy
  • pyridocine 1-2 mg
  • vestibular rehabilitation and hearing aids
  • vestibular suppressant
  • diuretics
  • betahistine
  • antihistamines
  • steroids
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16
Q

platinum based chemotherapeutics toxicity

A
  • rosemarius
  • curcumin
  • Vitamin E
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17
Q

aminoglycoside toxicity tx

A

urtica

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18
Q

Botanicals for dizziness and hearing loss

A

ginkgo
vaccinum
vinca minor
vinpocetine
pycnogenol
capsicum
ginger
hypericum
cimicifuga
curcuma

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19
Q

pharmacology to treat dizziness

A

scopolamine transdermal patches

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20
Q

homeopathy for dizziness and hearing loss

A

Nat sulph, Arn, Nat sal

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21
Q

physical medicine

A
  • cervical manipulation
  • TMJ assessment
  • Epley procedures
    • posterior canal BPPV
  • supine roll test to assess for lateral semicircular canal BPPV
  • Brandt-Daroff exercise
  • Half Somersault technique
  • Gufoni maneuver
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22
Q

otosclerosis TX

A
  • vit D
  • calcium citrate or gluconate
  • osteoprime
  • nettles, raspberry leaf, alfalfa, avena
  • calc phos 6x cell salts
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23
Q

Labyrinthitis and Vestibular Neuronitis TX

A

Treat underlying infection
Eustachian tube massage
Steroids
Acupuncture
Homeopathy, anticholinergics I.e. Scopolamine patch, histamine antagonists i.e. Meclizine.
Benzodiazepinesare GABA modulators,
Vestibular Rehabilitation Exercises

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24
Q

tinnitus TX

A

Address treatable underlying causes
Employ noise protection
Correct nutritional deficiencies,
Co enzyme C 10
homeopathy, acupuncture, qi gong
If cerebral vascular insufficiency: use ginkgo and vinpocetine, centella and pychnogenol
Cognitive therapy and/or biofeedback
Acoustic therapy
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

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25
Q

Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss TX

A

Ginkgo biloba
Vit E, Alpha lipoic acid
High dose intravenous Vitamin C
Magnesium: Oral or in IV Myers Cocktail
Oral Zinc 30 MG
Multiple B vitamins
Coenzyme Q10 100 mg BID
Caloric restriction, fasting, increase water, Mediterranean diet to decrease blood viscosity
Hyperbaric Oxygen therapy
Ozone therapy
Acupuncture

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26
Q

Benign Positional Vertigo TX

A
  • Perform Epley maneuvers for P SCC BPPV
  • Anterior SCC BPPV treat with Variants of the Dix-Hallpike
  • Horizontal SCC BPPV treat with Gufoni Maneuver.
  • supplemental Vit D
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27
Q

Acoustic Neuroma TX

A

surgery
radiosurgery
gamma knife radiosurgery

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28
Q

Bilateral Nasal Specific Technique

A

A simple intranasal procedure in which a balloon is inserted into each nasal passage in three different positions. The balloon is briefly inflated in each position, then removed.

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29
Q

Bilateral Nasal Specific Technique use

A
  • chronic recurrent sinusitis
  • Snoring if due to nasal passage and not tongue position
  • Headaches
  • History of facial trauma leading to pain or dysfunction
  • Difficulty breathing through the nose
  • Seizure disorders
  • Nasal polyps
  • Sphenoid malposition
  • Pituitary hypofunction
  • TMJ dysfunction
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30
Q

Bilateral Nasal Specific Technique CI

A
  • Implanted hardware
  • Severe epistaxis
  • Thrombocytopenia
  • Patient taking blood thinning medications
  • Recent nasal surgery
  • Status post cleft palate surgery or other surgeries that might leave the area fragile in light of dilation caused by the procedure
  • Foreign body in the nose
  • Latex allergy
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31
Q

Bilateral Nasal Specific Technique caution

A
  • Osteoporosis
  • Elderly patients
  • Infants and children
  • Nervous, hesitant, or reticent patients
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32
Q

Bilateral Nasal Specific Technique problems

A

aspiration
tissue damage

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33
Q

Bilateral Nasal Specific Technique supplies

A
  • Bulb (quick release is nice)
  • Medium latex finger cots
    • 1-layer soft pressure
    • 2
    • 3
    • 4 lot of pressure, more firm
  • Floss (waxed) or rubber grommets
  • Lubricant
  • Round or flat toothpicks or 2mm ear curette
  • Exam gloves
  • Facial tissues
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34
Q

Bilateral Nasal Specific Technique steps

A
  • Inspect the nose and nasal cavity
  • Look for foreign objects
  • Note asymmetry and places of narrowing
  • Insert the deflated balloon into the first meatus
  • Have the patient inhale through their mouth and hold their breath
  • Secure and seal the balloon in the nostril
  • Give two pumps of air and then quickly release the pressure
  • Repeat for the remaining meatuses
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35
Q

Hepar Sulphuris

A

very sensitive to pain and stimuli
impatient and cranky
violent impulses
discouraged or even suicidal over their suffering
dream of fires and tend towards pyromania
fear violent accidents, injury
very cold and intolerant to it
painful swelling and ulceration
offensive odors from discharges
stitching, sharp, or splinter-like pains

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36
Q

Mercurius solubilis

A

closed, suspicious, emotionally intense, putrid, dribbly, smelly
paranoia
irritability, anxious, restless,
urge to kill, or be killed
suicidal
frequent infections
offensive greenish discharges, abscess, suppressed ones aggravates
worse at night, heat, and cold
tremor

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37
Q

Natrum Muriaticum

A

reserved/private
responsible, dependable, put together
mature beyond their years
holding an old betrayal close to the chest but will not openly share or complain unless directly asked
affected by grief and ailments from it
sad but can’t cry
easily offended or wounded
desire to be alone
periodicity to complaints

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38
Q

Pulsatilla

A

changeable, emotional, weepy, clingily
thick/greenish yellow discharges
dogmatic about their beliefs
strong attachments to few individuals
desires consolation, manipulative to get affection
worse warm

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39
Q

common cold pathophysiology

A
  • Rhinovirus (i.e., respiratory syncytial virus)
  • Adenovirus
  • Parainfluenza virus
  • Coronaviruses
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40
Q

common cold SX

A
  • Nasal congestion
  • Rhinorrhea - watery thick
  • Mild sore throat and cough
  • Headache and malaise
  • Fever - unusual in adults; low grade in children
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41
Q

common cold PE

A

Nasal mucosa is erythematous, swollen, and congested with discharge

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42
Q

common cold tx

A

-hydrotherapy: constitutional, hot fomentation, colonics, enema, 42s, carrot/ginger therapy, fever therapy
-rest
-stress reduction
-increase water intake
-fasting not more than 48
-chicken soup or miso

First sign of sx
- HP: ocillococcinum
- Yin chiao
- echinacea
- esberitox
- Zinc lozenges
- mycosheild

Sicker patients
- bioflavonids
- vit C
- Carrot juice

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43
Q

common cold botanicals

A
  • sambucus
  • ginger
  • achillea
  • salvia
  • foeniculum
  • Eriodictyon
  • Stillingia
  • Verbascum
  • Glycyrrhiza
  • Usnea
  • Ligusticum
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44
Q

aconite

A

to be taken at the first sign of cold, especially after exposure to dry, cold wind. Sneezing, burning throat, thirst, restlessness at night, buzzing in ears. Clear, hot discharge < stuffy atmosphere. * Useful only during onset

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45
Q

allium cepa

A

sneezing, with streaming nose & eyes. Nasal discharge makes nose and upper lip sore. Hot, thirsty, headachy. < warm room. > open air. Cough hurts larynx

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46
Q

arsenicum album

A

gets cold with every change of weather. Sneezing frequent and painful. Thin, watery, burning nasal discharge, irritates nostrils. Intense tickle inside nose, one spot. Tends to move to chest. < after midnight, > warm drinks, burning pains relieved by heat. Sensation of “ice cold water or boiling water coursing through veins”. Thirst for small amounts.

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47
Q

belladonna

A

sudden onset of cold, perhaps even violent. After exposure, especially chilling of head. Face flushed, skin feels hot and dry to touch. Fever may strike quickly, restlessness. Sensitivity to light. Sore throat, bright red, < right side. Very little nasal discharge. thirstless.

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48
Q

bryonia

A

Symptoms slow in developing, onset delayed. Much sneezing, eyes red and watery. Nasal discharge watery. Lips & mouth dry, great thirst for large quantities. Tendency to spread to chest, painful cough. Severe headache. < slightest movement, warm room.

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49
Q

dulcamara

A

old follows exposure to cold, wet or chilling after being over-heated. Profuse watery discharge from nose and eyes. Nose runs more in warm room. Sneezing severe, eyes red and sore. Wants to keep nose warm, neck stiff, throat sore, pains in back and limbs. < cold room.

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50
Q

ferrum phos

A

Recommended for early stages of cold with no marked indications, except fever

51
Q

euphrasia

A

Profuse watery discharge from nose and eyes. Makes eyes, but not nose, sore. Discharge < at night when lying down. Cough < by day, > lying down.

52
Q

gelsemium

A

Influenza type of cold. Brought on by warm, moist weather, slow onset. Sluggish feeling, chilly, dull headache with heavy feeling in eyes and limbs. Much sneezing and watery discharge. Wants to be left alone. Little thirst. Discharge makes nose sore. Tickling cough, > by fire.

53
Q

nux vomica

A

From exposure to dry cold. Much sneezing, nose alternately blocked, running, streams in warm room and daytime. > outdoors. Extremely chilly. Shudders drinking water or least movement.

54
Q

phosphorus

A

Begins in chest or throat. Sneezing causes pain in throat or head. Nose alternately blocked or running and red, shiny, sore. Throat sore, voice hoarse. Tight feeling in chest.

55
Q

preventing common cold

A

healthy diet
good hygiene and preventing transmission
lactobacillus
breastfeeding
low stress
active lifestyle
echinacea and vit C:
Vit D
Fish oil
DHA:
hydrotherapy: sauna

56
Q

Allergic rhinitis cause

A

low dose antigen diffuses across mucous membranes → Th2 response → allergen specific Th2 clls produce IL-4 and IL-13 and B cells produce IgE → IgE bind to mast cell and activated eosinophils → mast cells release histamine, leukotrienes, kinins, TNFa → contraction of SM, capillary dilation which increases permeability of capillary cells, and glandular hypersecretion.

57
Q

allergic rhinitis types

A

seasonal
- associated with arrival of trees, grass, weeds

perennial
- dust, mold, dust mites, animal dnader
- associated with sleep disorders, sinusitis, serous otitis media and anosmia
- dust mite allergy appear to be mediated by IL 22

58
Q

allergic rhinitis SX

A
  • Episodic nasal obstruction
  • Rhinorrhea
  • Sneezing (uncommon with URI)
  • Lacrimation and pruritus of nose, eye & throat
  • Sore throat - secondary to mouth breathing
  • Nasal voice
  • Allergic salute - itch nose → crease above the bridge
  • Itchy eyes→ redness, puffiness
59
Q

allergic rhinitis PE

A
  • Internal nose - red; if perennial can be pale, bluish; discharge usually clear and watery
  • Mouth breathing may cause adenoidal facies- sunken cheeks with high palatine arch.
  • Airflow obstruction may be objectively quantified with peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF)
  • Allergic shiners may be present - bluish discoloration secondary to obstruction of venous drainage because of nasal and sinus congestion.
  • May have gingival hypertrophy.
  • Halitosis - often from mouth breathing
  • Enlarged adenoidal tonsils
  • Asthma, atopic dermatitis and urticaria may get worse in individuals with these conditions
60
Q

allergic rhinitis labs

A
  • CBC - show eosinophilia may
  • Nasal cytology demonstrates eosinophils
  • Scratch tests
  • RAST/ELISA tests; in vitro serum test
  • Total serum Ige:
61
Q

allergic rhinitis tx

A
  • elimination diet, food allergens, anti-inflammatory diet, Mediterranean diet
  • avoid trans fatty acid
  • avoid indoor air pollution and smoking

Supplements
- antioxidants
- vitamin C
- Selenium
- Vitamin E
- Vitamin A
- N-Acetyl Cysteine
- Quercetin
- Catechin
- Pycnogenol
- Essential Fatty Acids
- Vitamin D
- Fish oils
- Calcium and magnesium
- Quail egg
- Adrenal support: Consider cortisol and DHEA testing.
- probiotics: fermented foods

Herbs
- urtica:
- butterbur
- scutellaria biacalensis
- green tea
- elder flower
- astragalus
- zingiber
- Cromolyn sodium nasal spray: amnii visnaga potent mast cell stabilizer
- Hydrastis, Achillea, Euphrasia, Armoracia.
- honey

biofeedback
stress reduction
exercise

environmental
- air filters
- HEPA vacuum cleaners
- change pillowcase daily, sheets every 2 days

Hydrotherapy
- sauna
- nasal irrigation

Homeopathy
- arundo
- ambrosia
- sabadilla
- wyethia
- euphrasia

Sublingual immunotherapy/allergy shots
Acupuncture

62
Q

Non-Allergic Rhinitis with Eosinophil Syndrome pop

A

adults

63
Q

Non-Allergic Rhinitis with Eosinophil Syndrome cause

A

is unclear; believed to be due to same chemical mediators as all rhinitis but activated by non-immune events. Characterized by absence of atopy, T H2 lymphocyte, immunoglobulin E (Ige)-mediated mechanisms

64
Q

Non-Allergic Rhinitis with Eosinophil Syndrome sx

A
  • Sneezing paroxysms
  • Nasal itching
  • Runny nose- serous or seromucous hypersecretion
65
Q

Non-Allergic Rhinitis with Eosinophil Syndrome PE

A

dry atrophic appearance, pallor

66
Q

Non-Allergic Rhinitis with Eosinophil Syndrome labs

A
  • Positive nasal cytology for eosinophils
  • Negative skin scratch test and normal serum Ige
67
Q

Non-Allergic Rhinitis with Eosinophil Syndrome comorbidity

A

fibromyalgia, Chronic fatigue syndrome, IBS,

68
Q

cholinergic rhinitis cause

A

thought to be secondary to imbalance between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The parasympathetics =>increase in cholinergic (ACH) leads to vasodilation, nasal congestion and increased mucous secretion. This condition is more common in women. One theory is estrogens inhibits acetylcholinesterase → inc acetylcholine (parasympathetic neurotransmitter)

69
Q

cholinergic rhinitis sx

A

Obstruction with or without rhinorrhea, will complain of chronic sinus problems
chronic, not seasonally or geographically associated
Bilateral or unilateral
May alternate sides

69
Q

cholinergic rhinitis sx

A

Obstruction with or without rhinorrhea, will complain of chronic sinus problems
chronic, not seasonally or geographically associated
Bilateral or unilateral
May alternate sides

70
Q

cholinergic rhinitis PE

A

Swollen inferior nasal turbinates, Color - dark red to blue. Significantly increased mucus production.

71
Q

cholinergic rhinitis labs

A

All IgE allergy tests negative
Negative nasal smear

72
Q

cholinergic rhinitis TX

A

nervine herbs
food sensitivities
massage
spinal manipulation
stress management
15 micrograms capsaicin (from capsicum) suspended in 100 microliters solution
acupuncture

73
Q

Drugs Induced Rhinitis cause

A

Reserpine, Methyl Dopa, Beta-blockers, BCP (birth control pills)
Abuse of sympathomimetic nose drops and sprays
cocaine

74
Q

Drugs Induced Rhinitis PE

A

Redness, edema, friability of mucosa

75
Q

Drugs Induced Rhinitis Tx

A

Patient education, allopathic treatment is to switch to steroid sprays and wean off.
Naturopathic: slowly wean off substituting sympathomimetics with saline spray

76
Q

Sick Building Syndrome

A

Inhalation exposures can produce asthma and rhinitis by several mechanisms. Respiratory irritants can lead to asthma and rhinitis through interaction with chemical irritant receptors in the airway

77
Q

Adenoidal Hyperplasia pop

A

children

78
Q

Adenoidal Hyperplasia cause

A
  • Associated with allergies
  • Tonsils enlarge =>-nasal obstruction
79
Q

Tumors pop

A

adults

80
Q

tumors cause

A

occupational exposure to chemicals, such as nickel, wood or leather dusts, chromate, formaldehyde, and chlorophenol,

81
Q

tumors sx

A

With persistent unilateral nasal discharge, discharge is bloody.

82
Q

tumors management

A

referred to an otolaryngologist

83
Q

Foreign Bodies cause

A

crayons, peas, stones, erasers, gum Causes airway obstruction and secondary bacterial infection

84
Q

Foreign Bodies sx

A

Unilateral discharge, foul smelling, snoring

85
Q

Foreign Bodie tx

A

0.5% phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine)
topical lidocaine
direct visualization using forceps, curved hooks, cerumen loops, or suction catheters
blowing their nose
Refer EENT

86
Q

Foreign Bodies complication

A

bronchial foreign body

87
Q

Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea cause

A

secondary to head trauma, sinus surgery, weightlifting

88
Q

Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea sx

A

history of prominent unilateral nasal drainage
clear profuse discharge

89
Q

Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea PE

A

increased discharge with Valsalva, jugular vein compression, and lowering head
negative swelling, redness,
normal mucosa

90
Q

Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea dx

A

check for glucose
CT with CSF dye

91
Q

Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea tx

A

interventional neuroradiologist

92
Q

Nasal Polyps cause

A

Chronic rhinitis predisposes due to traction effect of nose blowing and forced breathing

93
Q

Nasal Polyps sx

A

Pale grape-like swellings that project into the nasal lumen from the turbinates
opalescent appearance, soft consistency, ethmoid origin, and tissue eosinophilia

94
Q

Nasal Polyps dx

A

small polypoid swellings along the lateral middle turbinate and ethmoid region may require rhinoscopy for identification
- Grade 1: smallest size polyps within the middle meatus not reaching the inferior edge of the middle turbinate).
- Grade 2: polyps within the middle meatusreaching the inferior border of the middle turbinate.
- Grade3: polyps extending into the nasal cavity below the edge of the middle turbinate but not below the inferior edge of the inferior turbinate
- Grade 4: polyps filling up the nasal cavity

95
Q

Nasal Polyps tx

A

Surgically remove, medical polypectomy with steroids
HP: Calc., Sang., Teucr., Thuj.
low salicylate diet
high omega-3

96
Q

Rhinosinusitis cause

A

Viral rhinitis => blocked ostia => O2 absorbed => negative pressure (pain at this stage = vacuum sinusitis) => transudate => bacteria invade => inflammation => Ciliary dyskinesis=> positive pressure => pain

Haemophilus influenza
Streptococcus pneumonia (more severe)
Anaerobes
Gram-negative bacteria
Staphylococcus aureus
Moraxella catarrhalalis
Streptococcus species

97
Q

Acute Rhinosinusitis

A

symptoms for less than four weeks

98
Q

Subacute rhinosinusitis

A

symptoms for four to twelve weeks

99
Q

Chronic rhinosinusitis

A

persists greater than twelve weeks.

100
Q

Recurrent acute rhinosinusitis

A

four or more episodes of ARS per year, with interim symptom resolution.

101
Q

Rhinosinusitis sx

A

Sudden onset of malaise, fever, nasal congestion, purulent rhinorrhea, post-nasal drainage with throat clearing, facial or head pain, mucopurulent discharge low-grade fever

102
Q

Rhinosinusitis PE

A

diffuse mucosal edema, narrowing of the middle meatus, inferior turbinate hypertrophy, and copious rhinorrhea or purulent discharge
Pain localized to the sinuses
Sinus transillumination is negative

103
Q

Acute Bacterial Rhinosinusitis sx

A

Purulent nasal discharge
Maxillary tooth or facial pain
Unilateral maxillary sinus tenderness
Worsening symptoms after initial improvement

104
Q

Acute Bacterial Rhinosinusitis labs

A

C-reactive protein
CT only for recurrent symptoms
Sinus tap: puncture into maxillary sinuses

105
Q

Acute Bacterial Rhinosinusitis dx

A
  1. Persistent symptoms or signs of ARS lasting 10 or more days without evidence of clinical improvement.
  2. Onset of severesymptoms or signs of high fever (>39°C or 102°F) and purulent nasal discharge or facial pain for at least three to four consecutive days at the beginning of illness.
  3. Onset with worseningsymptoms or signs (new onset fever, headache, nasal discharge) following a typical viral upper respiratory infection that lasted five to six days and were initially improving.
106
Q

Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia cause

A

Kartagener syndrome genetic disorder
secondary: Smoking, asthma and allergic rhinitis, chronic rhinitis and sinusitis, chronic bronchitis, Sick building syndrome, air pollution, cystic fibrosis, and lung carcinoma
Asthma and sinusitis

107
Q

Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia sx

A

situs inversus, chronic sinusitis, and bronchiectasis

108
Q

Rhinosinusitis in Children RF

A
  • viral URI
  • daycare
  • allergic rhinitis
  • dairy and food allergies
  • anatomic obstruction
  • Mucosal irritants (e.g., dry air, tobacco smoke, chlorinated water)
  • Sudden changes in atmospheric pressure (e.g., descent in an airplane)
109
Q

Rhinosinusitis in Children cause

A

viral URI

110
Q

Rhinosinusitis in Children sx

A

older children will have fever, facial pain, rhinorrhea. Younger child less obvious. Increased irritability and vomiting occurring in association with gagging on mucus and/or prolonged cough

111
Q

Rhinosinusitis in Children complication

A

preseptal cellulitis
orbital cellulitis
septic cavernous sinus thrombosis
meningitis
osteomyelitis
epidural abscess
subdural empyema
brain abscess

112
Q

preseptal cellulitis

A

welling and erythema of the lids and periorbital area; there is no proptosis or limitation of eye

113
Q

orbital cellulitis

A

Pain with eye movement, conjunctival swelling (chemosis), proptosis, globe displacement, limitation of eye movements (ophthalmoplegia), double vision, vision loss.)

114
Q

septic cavernous sinus thrombosis

A

Ptosis, proptosis, ophthalmoplegia, periorbital edema, headache, alterations in mental status

115
Q

meningitis sx

A

Fever, headache, nuchal rigidity, and change in mental status, petechial rash

116
Q

osteomyelitis

A

Forehead or scalp swelling, headache, photophobia, fever, vomiting, lethargy

117
Q

epidural abscess SX

A

Papilledema, focal neurologic signs, headache, lethargy, nausea, vomiting.

118
Q

subdural empyema

A

subdural empyema: Fever, severe headache, meningeal irritation, progressive neurologic deficits, seizures, signs of increased intracranial pressure

119
Q

brain abscess

A

Unilateral headache, neck stiffness, changes in mental status, vomiting, focal neurologic deficits, seizures, third and sixth cranial nerve deficits, papilledema

120
Q

Fungal sinusitis types

A
  • invasive sinusitis
  • fugus ball of the sinus
  • allergic
121
Q

Fungal sinusitis cause

A

Invasive: HIV or chemoherapy
fungus ball: Aspergillus
allergic: mold, preceding sinus surgeries and nasal polyposis,

122
Q

Fungal sinusitis sx

A

allergic: chronic sinus pain

123
Q

Fungal sinusitis dx

A

requires histology of nasal secretions or tissues

EENT (7 decks)

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