Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Anatomy > Test 4 > Flashcards

Test 4 Flashcards

(69 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Hydrobond

A

hold DNa in double helix shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Helicase

A

What breaks hydrogen bonds and uncoils DNA double helix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Primase

A

Enzyme that makes the Primer for a starting point for replication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

DNA Ligase

A

glues all segemtns together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Exonuclease

A

removes primers cause primers are RNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

DNA polymerase

A

makes new DNA strands.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Nucleotides

A

building blocks of DNA and RNA
structure: Phosphate group, 5 carbon sugar, and nitrogen base.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Nitrogen bases

A

one of the three parts of a nucleotide (A, T, G, C)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Hydrogen bonds

A

Keep DNA in a doublr helix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Double helix

A

DNA two strands twisted together and DNa’s shape,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Replication fork

A

where the start where DNA is unwinded.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Leading strand

A

creates DNA from 5 to 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Lagging strand

A

creates DNA from 3 to 5 and has to be done in segments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Complementary strands

A

the new strands being made

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Okazki fragments

A

short segments of DNA that are created on the Lagging strand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Template

A

the original strands that the complementary strand is built off of.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Semiconservative

A

old strand with new strand.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

LIst the stages of the Cell cycle and what happens at each

A
  1. G1- Growth
  2. Synthesis- DNA replication
  3. G2- Organelles replicate
  4. Mitosis/ Meiosis- New nuclei made
  5. Cytokinesis- Cytoplasm split into two cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

3 possible outcomes of a cell that enters the cell cycle:

A
  1. Specialize
  2. Apoptosis
  3. Divide
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

List 3 cell in the body that do not complete the cell cycle

A

neurons
skeletal muscular cells
erythrocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

List the 4 stages of Mitosis in order

A

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what stage do the chromosomes line up at the equator

A

Metaphase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what stage do the chromosomes first appear

A

Prophase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

In what stage does the nuclear membrane disappear

A

Prophase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what stage are 2 indentical diploid nuclei produced
Telophase
26
What stage are the sister chomatid ripped apart
anaphase
27
What type of cell does mitosis happen
Somatic (2n)
28
What 3 things happen in meiosis and not mitosis
1. synaposis 2. crossing-over 3. skipping interphase (replication
29
what cells undergo meiosis
Germ cells (Gametes)
30
How many chromosome are in a nucleis of meiosis
23
31
What is the term that describes a cell with 2 sets of chromosomes
diploid (mitosis)
32
What is the term that describes a cell with one set of chromosomes
haploid (meiosis)
33
Cellular Respiration Equation
Glucose + Oxygen = 36 ATP + Carbon Dioxide + Water + Heat
34
Glycolysis
Products: 2 net ATP, NADH, Pyruvate, and Electrons In the Cytoplasm Anareobic
35
Krebs Cycle
Products: 2 ATP, Carbon dioxide, NADH, Electron, FADH2, and Citric acid Mitochondria Matrix (between 1st and 2nd layer) Aerobic
36
Electron Transport Chain
Products: Heat, Water, 26-32 ATP Inner Mitochondria Membrane aerobic
37
Hydrogen ions need to pass through ___________ to signal it to add a phosphate group to ADP to make ATP
ATP Synthase
38
Fermentation
When there is not enough oxygen present Creates 2 ATP and Lactic Acid
39
Where and when does DNA replication happen
In the nucleus during S-Phase
40
DNA is composed of 20,000-20,500 segments called
genes
41
The 4 Nitrogen Bases
A-Adenine T-Thymine G-Guanine C-Ctyosine
42
DNA is _____ nucleotide pairs long
3 billion
43
Gene
are on your DNA and contain info to make protein
44
Another name for protein synthesis
Gene expression
45
Genes will turn on and off based on the ________ around
chemicals
46
What are the two steps of Protein synthesis in order
1. Transcription 2. Translation
47
Transcription
When one gene is copied into m-RNA and happens in the nucleus
48
Translation
When the m-RNA is read by the t-RNA to assemble a protein at the ribosome in cytoplasm. t-RNA leaves the anti codon with the codon and gets another amino acid this cycle repeats for amino acids to build up.
49
m-RNA are read in segments of three that codes for amino acids called
codon
50
what hold amino acids together
peptide dond
51
What is the starter codon
AUG (methionine)
52
what are stop codons
UAA, UGA, UAG
53
RNA polymerase
important enzyme in protein synthesis that breaks hydrogen bonds between nucleotide to unzip DNA and form complementary mRNA strand.
54
3 differences between DNA and RNS
DNA is two strands and RNA is one DNA's bases are A,T,G,C and RNA is A,U,G,C DNA contains info for all geno,e and RNA is one gene
55
Messenger RNA contain info to
make a specific protein
56
DNA stands for
Deoxyribonucleic acid
57
RNA stands for
Ribonucleic acid
58
the nitrogen base U stands for
Uracil
59
Are enzymes consumed in their function
no
60
Substrate
Any substance that binds to a enzyme
61
Anabolic reaction
build large molecules from small ones
62
Catabolic reaction
breakdown of large molecules to small ones
63
Enzymes
proteins that work by lowering the activation energy and speed the rates of chemical reactions.
64
What factors alter/denature enzymes
exposure to heat radiation, electricity, fluids with extreme PH levels, and certain chemicals
65
An enzyme's _________ allows it to recognize its substrate
conformation
66
A sequence of enzyme-controlled reactions is
metabolic pathways
67
Cells can only capture ____ of energy released from bonds
40%
68
Centromere
protein disc that hold homologous chromosomes together
69
Centrioles
Organelles built of microtudes that move chromosomes within a nucleus

Anatomy (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions