Test #4 Flashcards
(52 cards)
What is the difference between a system and a digestive tract?
A system refers to a collection of organs working together, while the digestive tract specifically denotes the pathway food travels through.
Name the primary organs involved in the digestive system.
- Mouth
- Esophagus
- Stomach
- Small intestine
- Large intestine
- Rectum
- Anus
What are accessory organs in the digestive system?
- Salivary glands
- Liver
- Gallbladder
- Pancreas
What is the function of the pancreas in digestion?
The pancreas produces enzymes that aid in the chemical digestion of food.
Define chemical digestion.
Chemical digestion involves breaking down food into simpler molecules by enzymes.
Define physical digestion.
Physical digestion involves the mechanical breakdown of food into smaller pieces.
What are the sections of the small intestine?
- Duodenum
- Jejunum
- Ileum
What is the function of villi in the small intestine?
Villi increase the surface area for absorption of nutrients.
What are macromolecules?
- Proteins
- Carbohydrates
- Lipids
- Nucleic acids
Where do nutrients and enzymes primarily work in the digestive system?
Nutrients and enzymes primarily work in the small intestine.
What are the monomers and polymers of carbohydrates?
- Monomers: Monosaccharides
- Polymers: Polysaccharides
What are the four stages of digestion?
- Ingestion
- Digestion
- Absorption
- Elimination
What is the pathway of air in the respiratory system?
Air passes through the nose/mouth, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and finally reaches the alveoli.
Name the organs involved in the respiratory system.
- Nose
- Pharynx
- Larynx
- Trachea
- Bronchi
- Lungs
What distinguishes the upper respiratory tract from the lower respiratory tract?
The upper respiratory tract includes the nose, pharynx, and larynx, while the lower respiratory tract includes the trachea, bronchi, and lungs.
What is the function of alveoli?
Alveoli facilitate gas exchange between the air and blood.
What is diffusion in the context of gas exchange?
Diffusion is the process where oxygen and carbon dioxide move from areas of higher concentration to lower concentration.
What is cellular respiration?
Cellular respiration is the process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into energy, carbon dioxide, and water.
Differentiate between internal and external respiration.
- Internal respiration: exchange of gases between blood and body cells
- External respiration: exchange of gases between air and blood in the lungs
What role does the diaphragm play in respiration?
The diaphragm contracts to allow inhalation and relaxes for exhalation.
What is tidal volume?
Tidal volume is the amount of air inhaled or exhaled during normal breathing.
Define vital capacity.
Vital capacity is the maximum amount of air a person can exhale after maximum inhalation.
What is the structure of the heart?
- Chambers:
- Left Atrium.
- Right Atrium.
- Left Ventrical.
- Right Ventrical.
- Valves: (Atrioventricular and semilunar valves)
- Mitral Valve.
- Aortic Valve.
- Triscupid Valve.
- Pulmonary Valve.
What is the pathway of blood through the body?
Blood flows from the heart to the lungs (pulmonary circulation) and then from the heart to the rest of the body (systemic circulation).
