Test 4 Flashcards
(49 cards)
What is classification?
The grouping off organisms based on their similarities
What is taxonomy?
The science of dealing with the description, identification, naming, and classification of organisms
How does the binomial system work?
It is a 2 part name for each species
a. Genus -more general name
b. Species- specific name
What is phylogeny?
The evolutionary history of a species
What are cladistics?
grouping species by shared quantifiable features
What is a clade?
A group of species
What are some major factors that affected plant and animal evolution?
There was an increase in size and complexity of organisms
There were more stages to sexual reproduction and life cycles
How have plants adapted to living on land?
Roots absorbed water
Vascular tissues move water
(Xylem is for water, Phloem is for sugars)
Became bigger
Waxy layer (cuticle) on epidermis to prevent water loss
Stomates on the underside of lead close to prevent water loss
How have animals adapted to land?
Changed from radial symmetry to bilateral symmetry
1 opening gut to 2 openings with tube
Invertebrates and vertebrates
Coelom (cavity between body wall and gut)
What are the major traits of mammals?
provide young with milk
have hair or fur
have 4 kinds of teeth
What are monotremes?
Egg laying mammals
What are some primate adaptations?
excellent vision (binocular) highly developed brain opposable thumbs bipedalism modified teeth greater parental care
How did we evolve from primates?
Adaptations for walking upright
better grip and tool use
increased brain capacity
What were the adaptations for bipedal walking
change in pelvic area
stopped walking on hands
What are some adaptations for tool use
opposable thumbs
power and precision grip
What is the important of the Archaeopteryx
it is the missing link between birds and reptiles
feathers and wings like bird/ hollow bones
teeth
claws
What is replacement
minerals replace organic materials
How does fossil record support evolution
remains of organisms buried in layers of rock
How does comparative anatomy support evolution
it shows the overall similarity in body plan for humans and ape like ancestors
How does comparative embryology support evolution
primitive traits are often kept in embryo, but not shown in adults, and human embryos share traits with other vertebras (gill slits, rudimentary tail)
What are homologous structures
structures that look similar and function the same and show shared and common ancestry
these structures show that the same genes directed their development
ex: wings (bats, birds) and arms
What are analogous structures
Structures have similar function, but arose independently of each other
EX: wings to fly arose more than once (insects, mammals, bird)
EX: fins or flippers for swimming
What are vestigial structures
under developed organs, some with little or no function, but may have been used by ancestors
ex: appendix, hair, wisdom teeth, Darwin’s point
How does comparative biochemistry support evolution
it shows similarities in genes and DNA and ATP enzymes
