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Geology > Test 4 > Flashcards

Test 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Soaring

A

A type of flight. Example: A giant bird like a hawk or eagle is.

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2
Q

Parachuting

A

Falling at an angle greater than 45%. A dandelion uses this

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3
Q

Gliding

A

Falling with an angle less than 45%

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4
Q

Active Flight

A

Active flapping of the wings to provide thrust

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5
Q

Arboreal Model

A

Tree to ground flight. The Pterosaurs used this

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6
Q

Cursorial Model

A

From the ground up

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7
Q

Drag

A

One of the physics of flight. Goes into the face (to the left)

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8
Q

Lift

A

Goes up on the diagram

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9
Q

Weight

A

Down on the physics of flight diagrm

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10
Q

Thrust

A

To the right on the physics of flight diagram

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11
Q

Pterosaur

A

The earliest reptiles. They were not dinosaurs. Earliest reptiles to fly. Has a fifth toe

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12
Q

Pterodactyloids

A

No tail with a long neck. Doesn’t have his 5th toe

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13
Q

Quetzalcoatlus

A

The largest bird to ever take flight

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14
Q

Archaeopteryx

A

The transitional animal between the dinosaur and the reptile

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15
Q

Rhamphorhynchoids

A

They are the stem group of pterosaurs. they had extravagant crests on the head. and stiff tails that carried a vertical vane on the tip

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16
Q

Chiropterans

A

These are bats

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17
Q

Supracoracoideus muscle TEST Q

A

Muscles to aid in flight.

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18
Q

What are the 4 types of flight?

A

Soaring, Parachuting, Gliding and active flight

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19
Q

what are four driving forces in the evolution of flight?

A

Hunting, Leaping, Display, and gliding

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20
Q

Which three groups of vertebrates have evolved

A

Birds, bat, pterosaurs

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21
Q

Two models used to describe flight?

A

Arboreal Model and Cursorial Model

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22
Q

Adelobasileus Test Q

A

The first mammal. Happens 225 MA ago. Occurred during the Cretaceous

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23
Q

Morganucodon

A

Badger rat. Lived 210 MA. The first true mammal

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24
Q

Tribosphenic

A

Mammal tooth that is a molar

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25
Q

Tricondont

A

Successful into Early Cretaceous.

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26
Q

Dentary Test q

A

The bone that humans have in their jaw. It is called the dentary

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27
Q

Therians

A

They had some sort of live birth. Marsupials and Placentals

28
Q

Monotremes

A

These include platopussys. They are mammals that lay eggs

29
Q

Marsupials

A

The ones who come out of the womb and crawl to their moms nips.

30
Q

Placentals

A

These are humans. They give live birth

31
Q

What are the three different types of mammals?

A

Monotremes, Marsupials, Placentals

32
Q

Juramaia

A

The oldest known placental. Lived 160 MA

33
Q

Sinodelphys

A

The oldest known marsupial. 140 MA

34
Q

From what group of reptiles did the mammals evolve?

A

Synapids

35
Q

When did mammals evolve from their Therapsid ancestors?

A

225MA

36
Q

What is the oldest marsupial mammal fossil?

A

Sinodelphyo 140MA

37
Q

Ammonoids

A

shelled, coiled relatives of modern nautilus, squids, octopi, etc. very common and diverse during Mesozoic, lived in many marine habitats evolved very quickly

38
Q

Rudists

A

reef-forming clams out-competed modern-style corals as reef builders of Late Cretaceous planktonivores

39
Q

Inoceramids

A

gigantic scallop-relatives planktonivores

40
Q

Forams

A

They were big but got smaller after the KT extinction

41
Q

Deccan traps

A

These are volcanic flows that lie underneath the indian ocean. Happened s a result of the K-T extinction

42
Q

Chicxulub

A

A crater that hit the earth 66 million years ago. Said to be responsible for the Cretatceous extinction

43
Q

Iridium

A

This is rarely found on earth. Layer around the world after the Chicxulub

44
Q

Shocked Quartz

A

Found only from impact craters and nuclear bombs

45
Q

Microtektites

A

Glass that comes out of impact craters. Melts rock and shoots glass

46
Q

When did the cretaceous extinction occur

A

65.5 MYA

47
Q

What were some of the marine invertebrate fauna that went extinct at the KT boundary

A

Ammonoids
Rudists
Inoceramids
Coccolithtophorids

48
Q

What marine vertebrate fauna went extinct?

A

1) Mosasaurs
2) Ichthyosaurs
3) Plesiosaurs

49
Q

What terrestrial vertebrates went extinct?

A

1) Dinosaurs

2) Pterodactyls

50
Q

What other factors played a role in the K-T extinction? Evidence?

A

1) Deccan Traps
2) Volcanism: dump gas into atmosphere, cause stresses in biosphere , driving force of extinction
3) Climate change
4) Plate tectonics: surface exposures

51
Q

How does the size of forams change across the K-T boundary?

A

Forams shrunk in size dramatically

52
Q

Climate

A

average weather over a period of time

53
Q

Paleoclimate

A

-Average weather of the past

54
Q

Biogeography

A

Where and why things occurred

55
Q

Paleobiogeography

A

Where and why organisms occurred in the past

56
Q

Corridor

A

This is a pathway for animals to migrate from one place to another

57
Q

Filter Bridge

A

A land bridge that organisms could easily go across

58
Q

Barrier

A

The water around Australia. Cannot leave because it is isolated

59
Q

Sweepstakes

A

Natural disasters that occur that can get animals from one place to another. (Tornado takes bugs from Kansas to Texas)

60
Q

Noah’s Ark

A

x

61
Q

Escalator

A

When an island is younger than the animals living on there. This can happen by volcanic material rising up

62
Q

Viking Funeral Ship

A

When already dead animals fossils end up in another country

63
Q

How does an islands size relate to diversity?

A

The larger the island, the more diverse it is

64
Q

Are all biogeographical islands actual islands? Give examples of some that are not

A
  • No they are not all actual island
  • Alpine zones: animal adapted to alpine but not valley floor
  • Ponds
  • Isolated Forrest
65
Q

How did Simberloff and Wilson test islands vs actual islands

A

They killed everything and saw how it regrew

66
Q

Name and describe the 3 types of dispersal mechanisms that operate on geologic time scales

A
  1. ) Noah’s Ark: land moves with living organisms residing on land, transports them
    2) Viking Funeral: Already dead animals on moving land
    3) Escalator: organisms younger than the piece of land they are on

Geology (6 decks)

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