Test 4 Chapter 16

Question 1

Morbidity

Answer 1

Sickness

Question 2

Mortality

Answer 2

Death

Question 3

Prevelance

Answer 3

of cases in a population in an area

Question 4

Incidence

Answer 4

of new cases diagnosed in a timeframe in an area

Question 5

Sporadic diseases

Answer 5

Happen irregularly with no connected cause

Question 6

Endemic disease

Answer 6

Sickness in a region

Question 7

Epidemic Disease

Answer 7

Significant increase in cases in a geographic region

Question 8

Pandemic disease

Answer 8

Significant increase in cases worldwide

Question 9

Etiology

Answer 9

Cause of an infectious disease.

Question 10

CDC

Answer 10

Center for disease control and prevention. Tracks reportable diseases. Morbidity and Mortality weekly report.

Question 11

John Snow

Answer 11

Father of Epidemiology. Demonstrated the source of the 1854 broad street cholera epidemic in London

Question 12

John Snow and the cholera epidemic

Answer 12

Identified water source of those who were ill. Mapped the incidence of cholera. Recommended changing the pump handle which resolved the issue.

Question 13

Common Source Spread

Answer 13

Exposure originates from a single source

Question 14

Point Source Spread

Answer 14

Brief exposure to a common source.

Question 15

Continuous Common Source Spread

Answer 15

Prolonged exposure to a common source. Cholera epidemic in London.

Question 15

Intermittent Common Source Spread

Answer 15

Exposure happens at irregular intervals

Question 15

Propagated Spread

Answer 15

Spread from person to person

Question 16

Florence Nightingale

Answer 16

Nurse during Crimean War. In 1854 kept meticulous records of cause of illness and death during the Crimean War.

Question 17

Florence Nightingale - Results

Answer 17

Showed that most common cause of disease/death were due to preventable disease. Not battle wounds. Led to reforms in hygiene and care of British military.

Question 18

Joseph Lister

Answer 18

Introduced disinfection Protocols. reduced post-surgical infection rates. Demanded surgeons that worked for him used a 5% carbolic acid spray

Question 19

Descriptive Epidemiology

Answer 19

Collect data on the occurrence of disease by time, place, person. Identify risk factors

Question 20

Analytical Epidemiology

Answer 20

Focuses on identifying causes and risk factors. Uses the data from Descriptive epidemiology

Question 21

Retrospective Studies

Answer 21

Look back in time. Subjects already have disease.

Question 22

Prospective Studies

Answer 22

Before the outcome occurs. Collect data on ongoing diseases

Question 23

Cohort Method Studies

Answer 23

Follow a group of individuals over time to see if the outcome occurs

Question 24

Case-Control Studies

Answer 24

Compare people with a disease to those without the disease

Question 25

Cross-Section Studies

Answer 25

Collecting data from a time-point

Question 26

Experimental Epidemiology

Answer 26

Manipulate a variable. Test a hypothesis concerning the cause of a disease.

Question 27

Ignaz Semmelweis

Answer 27

Childbed fever - Observation. Observed more women died from childbed fever in the hospital rather than out. More women died in Division 1 rather than 2. Tested variables to determine why. Made people wash hands.

Question 28

Reservoir

Answer 28

Living or Nonliving sources of disease.

Question 29

Passive Carrier

Answer 29

Temporary carries of disease

Question 30

Active Carrier

Answer 30

Have the pathogen at all times.

Question 31

Direct Contact Trasnmission

Answer 31

Person to Person

Question 32

Droplet Transmission

Answer 32

Sneezing Coughing etc.

Question 33

Indirect Contact Transmission

Answer 33

Fomites become contaminated. Nonliving thing becomes contaminated. Person ->thing -> person

Question 34

Vehicle Transmission

Answer 34

Transmission of pathogens through water, food, or air

Question 35

Vector Transmission

Answer 35

Living thing in between people.

Question 36

Mechanical Vector

Answer 36

Carrier of the Pathogen. House Fly lands in something contaminated, carries the disease on feet, feet make contact with your food.

Question 37

Biological Vector

Answer 37

Vector has the pathogen in them. Cats -> toxoplasma gondii

Question 38

Nosocomial infection

Answer 38

Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs). Acquired in a health care facility.