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Adult Health 3 > Test 4 - Medications > Flashcards

Test 4 - Medications Flashcards

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1
Q

Na Channel Blockers: main use

A

Ventricular dysrhythmias, PVCs, and SVT

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2
Q

Na Channel Blockers: examples

A

Lidocaine (Xylocaine)
Monitor for toxicity: numbness of tongue, CNS depression (can lead to cardiac arrest)

Propafenone (Rythmol) - can cause dysrhythmia

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3
Q

Beta Blockers: Function

A

Slow HR & contraction

Blocks adrenaline effects

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4
Q

Beta Blockers: Nursing Implications

A
  • Monitor hypotension, bradycardia, bronchospasm
  • CAUTION: may mask hypoglycemia s/s

Overdose s/s: hypotension, bradycardia, impaired AV conduction, bronchospasm, and HF
Prepare to give glucagon

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5
Q

Why is Glucagon given for Beta Blocker overdose?

A

Increases HR and myocardial contractility

Bypasses beta receptors

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6
Q

Beta Blockers: Selective

A

Atenolol (Tenormin)

Metoprolol (Lopressor)

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7
Q

Beta Blockers: Non-Selective

A

“-lol”

Affects both cardiac and lung function

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8
Q

Beta Blocker Key Points: “Busy Bees”

A
  • BP
  • Bradycardia
  • Bronchospasm (non-selective beta blockers)
  • Blood Sugar (drops)
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9
Q

Potassium Blockers: Function

A

Prolongs the absolute refractory and repolarization time

“-arone”

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10
Q

Potassium Blocker: Uses

A

Ventricular Dysrhythmias, A Fib RVR (bpm > 100)

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11
Q

Potassium Blockers: Nursing Implications (Amiodarone)

A

-40 day 1/2 life: monitor liver function
-Hypotension
-Prolonged QT interval
-Corneal pigmentation = visual disturbance
-Pulmonary toxicity
-Photosensitivity*
NO GRAPEFRUIT (can increase toxicity)

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12
Q

Calcium Channel Blockers: Function

A

Lower HR and contractility

Dilate coronary vessels

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13
Q

Calcium Channel Blockers: Uses

A

Atrial dysrhythmias (SVT, Rapid A Fib RVR, A Flutter)

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14
Q

Calcium Channel Blockers: Nursing Implications

A

-BP
-HF
AVOID GRAPEFRUIT

Antidote: glucagon

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15
Q

Calcium Channel Blockers: Types

A 
Verapamil (Calan)
Diltiazem (Cardizem)
"-pine"
     *amlodipine may cause edema
     **No "Nimodipine"
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16
Q

Adenosine (Adenocard): Uses

A

SVT or PSVT (chemical defibrillator)

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17
Q

Adenosine: Administration

A

Rapid IV push (1-2 seconds)
Closest port to heart
Raise arm if peripheral IV site used

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18
Q

Adenosine: Implications

A

Short 1/2 life: 7 seconds

S/E: chest pain, flushing, bradycardia, bronchoconstriction

Keep Code Cart nearby

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19
Q

Digoxin: Function

A

Increase cardiac output (Increase contractility)

Decrease O2 demand (Decrease HR)

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20
Q

Digoxin: Blood Levels

A

0.5 - 2.0

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21
Q

Digoxin: Toxicity S/S

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A
  • N/V
  • Confusion (elderly patients)
  • Blurred vision
  • Cardiac dysrhythmias (PVC, AV blocks, bradycardia)
22
Q

Dobutamine (Dobutrex): Function

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A

Beta-1 stimulation = short term increase in CO

Only for patients with normal BP and volume (SBP >100)

23
Q

Signs that Dobutamine is working

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A

Increased UOP
Increased pulse strength
Skin is warmer

24
Q

Dobutamine: S/E

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A
  • Chest pain
  • HTN
  • Tachycardia
  • MI
  • PVC
25
Dopamine (Intropin): Function
Increases contractility, HR, and BP
26
Dopamine: S/E
Tachydysrhythmias, ventricular ectopic, V Tach, Vesicant
27
Dopamine Extravasation Treatment
Regitine (phentolamine) | Leave original IV catheter, but DC tubing --> inject the Regitine
28
Levophed (Norepinepherine)
Vasopressor Mainly used for septic shock
29
Levophed: Nursing Care
Monitor BP, EKG< HR, UOP Monitor peripheral pulses (may lower UOP and pulses)
30
Epinephrine
Cardiac stimulant, vasopressor Mimics actions of SNS
31
Epinephrine: Indications
- Cardiac Arrest (V Fib, V Tach, PEA, Asystole) - Symptomatic bradycardia - Profound hypotension - Second line shock tx
32
Epinephrine: S/E
- Increased HR, BP, and O2 demand - Angina - MI
33
Which drugs are deactivated by Sodium Bicarb?
Dobutamine Dopamine Norepinephrine
34
Atropine Sulfate: main use
Symptomatic bradycardia Blocks vagal stimulation = Increased HR
35
Atropine Sulfate: Dosing
0.5 mg q3-5 min Max 3mg total (per ACLS) **Does not work on: Post-heart transplant and AV blocks**
36
Nitrates: function
anti-HTN (vasodilator)
37
Nitrates: Implications
SBP >90 to give #1 S/E: Headache
38
Nitrates: Types
Patch- need nitrate holidays Sublingual- med is light sensitive only lasts 3-6 months one bottle open IV- use special tubing
39
Nitroprusside (Nipride) - ONLY 1 USE
Hypertensive crisis
40
Nitroprusside: Implications
- MONITOR BP closely - Avoid light (med is sensitive) High dose = cyanide poisoning -Watch for hypoxemia, dizziness, tachycardia
41
ACE Inhibitors ("-pril"): Effects
Dilates the blood vessels | Promotes NA and H2O secretion -> decreases pulmonary congestion and edema
42
ACE Inhibitors: Implications
Monitor for Hypotension | Monitor for Hyperkalemia
43
Why would ACE Inhibitors be DC?
Cough or angioedema
44
ARBs/Angiotensin Receptor Blockers ("-sartan"): Effect
Lowers BP | Improves CO
45
What is Angiotensin II?
Very powerful vasoconstrictor
46
What can Amiodarone be used to treat?
Ventricular Dysrhythmias, A Fib RVR (bpm > 100)
47
What medications can be used to treat V. Fib?
Epi Amiodarone Lidocaine Magnesium Sulfate (if Torsade's or low Mg)
48
NTG Admin: Implications
Pt must: -SBP >90, HR 50-100 No Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors (ED meds) in past 24-48 hr = drastic BP drop Morphine if unsuccessful
49
ACS Drugs
- Anticoagulants (ASA, Heparin): prevent new clots - Antiplatelets (Plavix): prevent new clots - Beta Blockers (If VS stable): reduce infarct size and dysrhythmia - ACE Inhibitor/ARBs: reduces ventricular remodeling, prevents HF, and increases MI survival rate - Anticholesterol ("-statin"): reduce cholesterol and inflammation (stabilizes and reduces plaque)
50
Anti-Cholesterol ("-statin"): Implications
- Take in evening - NO GRAPEFRUIT - Hepatotoxic risk - Rhabdo risk = can cause AKI

Adult Health 3 (12 decks)

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