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Foundations Of Nursing > Test 5 > Flashcards

Test 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Refers to a person’s right to make choices

A

Autonomy

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2
Q

The duty to keep promises or the virtue of loyalty

A

Fidelity

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3
Q

The duty to the tell the truth

A

Veracity

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4
Q

The value of doing what benefits the patient the best

A

Beneficence

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5
Q

The hallmark value or virtue of “do no harm”

A

Non-maleficence

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6
Q

What specifies that a hospital emergency room cannot turn a patient away based on their legal or financial status?

A

EMTALA (Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act)

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7
Q

What must a hospital do in accordance with the EMTALA?

A

Evaluate and stabilize the patient before transporting to other hospital

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8
Q
  • Protects the provider from liability in an emergency situation
  • The provider of the care can not be the cause of emergency situation
  • Care is provided in a reasonable and competent manner
  • Care was voluntary (no payment can be issued)
  • The recipient did not reject the care
A

Good Samaritan Law

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9
Q

Recognizes that patient’s right to make decisions regarding his or her healthcare based on the info provided by health care providers

A

Patient Self-Determination Act (PSDA)

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10
Q

Patients have the right to _____ and _____ treatment

A

accept; refuse

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11
Q

Patients who are terminally ill or near the end of their life have the right to specify their goals of care in writing so that their wishes may be honored even after they lose the ability to actively participate in their care.

A

Advanced Directive

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12
Q

Before a patient becomes unable to make decisions, the patient can preemptively name a person to become __________.

A

Power of Attorney

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13
Q

A set of state laws that protects the reporter from retaliation or punishment when they report certain things that must be reported in order to preserve patient safety.

A

Mandatory Reporting

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14
Q

What must be mandatorily reported?

A

Communicable diseases, unsafe care environments, abuse

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15
Q

State mandated laws that outline the nursing scope of practice

A

Nursing Practice Acts

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16
Q

Includes: breach of contract or malpractice complaints (usually held between 2 parties)

A

Civil Law

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17
Q

What is another name for Civil Law?

A

Tort Law

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18
Q

When a nurse intentionally places a patient in immediate fear of personal violence or offensive contact

A

Assault

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19
Q

When offensive or harmful physical contract is made without consent or if there is unauthorizing touching a person’s body by another

A

Battery

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20
Q

Restraining a person or patient without proper legal authorization

A

False imprisonment

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21
Q

The study of what is right and wrong and how that aligns with principles, virtues, and core values

A

Ethics

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22
Q

“The nurse has authority, accountability, and responsibility for nursing practices; makes decisions; and takes action consistent with the obligation to promote health to provide optimal care.”

A

Code of Ethics

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23
Q

The equal treatment of all patients (fairness)

A

Justice

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24
Q

Includes HIPAA violations, but also interfering with the patient’s personal life when such issues are desired to be left alone

A

Invasion of Privacy

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25
Q

What a person believes to be right or wrong

A

Morals

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26
Q

Something that is accepted as being true

A

Belief

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27
Q

A set of beliefs of morals that are agreed upon or believed in by individuals or a group

A

Values

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28
Q

What three things must be required for informed consent?

A
  1. Patient must have the capacity to make decisions
  2. Patient must be provided with pertinent and understandable information
  3. Patient must be able to make decision voluntarily
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29
Q
  • Conveys shared ethical values, obligations, duties and ideals of nurses individually and collectively
  • Provides implied contract with the public
  • Informs society of the moral values and ideals by which it functions
  • Informs new professionals of the expected moral behaviors
  • Guides the profession in self-regulation
  • Provides a framework for ethical decision-making
A

ANA “Code”

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30
Q

The failure to perform as a reasonable or prudent person or nurse would do if presented with the same situation

A

Negligence

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31
Q

Failing to provide the minimum standards of care

A

Breach of Duty

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32
Q

A professional form of breach of duty and negligence

A

Malpractice

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33
Q

True or False: The patient’s record is a legal document that can be used in court.

A

True

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34
Q

Documentation should be ________ and includes only ________ information

A

Factual; Relevant

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35
Q

To be financially or legally responsible for something

A

Liable

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36
Q

The liability that is associated with professional nursing

A

Malpractice

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37
Q

Our professional standards of care and how we fulfill our professional obligations to patients are based on what?

A

The Nursing Process (ADPIE)

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38
Q

What is the difference between federal laws and institutional policies/procedures?

A

Federal is enforceable at all hospitals across a nation

39
Q

When a nurse/patient is forced to make a choice that is not in compliance with their personal values, they may experience this

A

Moral distress

40
Q

Presented as general statements and thus do not give specific answers to every possible ethical dilemma that might arise, it’s purpose is to offer guidance.

A

Code of Ethics

41
Q

True or False: Ethical Guidelines are legally enforceable

A

False

42
Q

What does postmortem documentation include?

A
  • Time of cessation of heart rate/respirations
  • Medical equipment in use
  • Time of transfer to morgue
  • Disposition of patient belongings
43
Q

What are the priorities for a patient who is enrolled in hospice care?

A
  • Treatment of the terminally ill in their own homes, or in special hospital units or other facilities
  • Goal of helping them to die comfortably, without pain
44
Q

What happens 1-3 months before death?

A
  • Withdrawn
  • Sleep increases
  • Appetite decreases; liquids preferred
45
Q

What happens 1-2 weeks before death?

A
  • Blood pressure lowers
  • Color becomes jaundiced, pallor
  • Variable respiratory rate
  • Death rattle may occur secondary to congestion
46
Q

What happens days-hours before death?

A
  • Louder death rattle
  • Cheyne-stokes respiration may occur
  • Skin becomes sweaty/clammy
  • Low urine output, minimal BM
  • Diminished vision
  • May become restless/agitated
47
Q

What happens moments before death?

A

=Unresponsive

  • Takes long, more spaced out breaths
  • Pulse slows
  • Breathing stops
48
Q

True or False: ANA allows nurses to be involved in physician-assisted suicide

A

False

49
Q

Who can change an advanced directive?

A

By the patient who created it

  • It cannot be changed if that person is incapacitated
  • -In this event would go to POA, next of kin (usually spouse)
50
Q

What is the requirement for admission into hospice care?

A

Certification that a patient’s life expectancy is 6 months or less

51
Q

Which 3 entities have access to a patient’s medical record?

A
  1. the patient
  2. provider providing care to the patient
  3. insurance companies
52
Q

Who is the Father of Modern Psychology?

A

Sigmund Freud

53
Q

Who believed all behavior is learned?

A

Skinner and Pavlov

54
Q

Whose basic theory was about the personality structure?

A

Sigmund Freud

55
Q

Who believed that personality developed before the age of three?

A

Margaret Mahler

56
Q

Who developed cognitive behavioral therapy?

A

Beck

57
Q

Who developed CEBT or rational emotive therapy?

A

Ellis

58
Q

What is the goal of the cognitive model?

A

To get a person to identify their negative thoughts and then replace it with something positive

59
Q

Whose main focus became on bonding and the development of personality?

A

Margaret Mahler

60
Q

What are the four stages of Mahler’s bonding theory?

A
  1. Symbiosis
  2. Separation/Individuation
  3. Rapprochement
  4. Object constancy
61
Q

Who introduced classical conditioning?

A

Pavlov

62
Q

Whose theory involved the ID, Superego, and the Ego?

A

Sigmund Freud

63
Q

Who developed the psychoanalytical theory?

A

Sigmund Freud

64
Q

Who believed behavior is driven by the desire to be accepted?

A

Sullivan and Peplau

65
Q

Which theorist is very important in Psych nursing?

A

Peplau

66
Q

Which theorist proposed that the nurse was the greatest tool in the relationship with the patient?

A

Peplau

67
Q

Who believed “everything comes from the family of origin?”

A

Sigmund Freud

68
Q

Who believed that in order to treat a mental condition, triggers must be identified?

A

Watson, Skinner, and Paplov

69
Q

Who believed in the need to know a person’s thought process?

A

Ellis and Beck

70
Q

Who believed in the interpersonal theories?

A

Peplau and Sullivan

71
Q

Who believed in the systems theories?

A

von Bertanlaffy and Bowen

72
Q

What do the ABCs of Ellis’s theory stand for?

A

A- Activating Event
B- Belief
C- emotional Consequence

73
Q

Behavior can be conditioned or learned

A

Behavioral model

74
Q

Divides the psyche into three functions: the id—unconscious source of primitive sexual, dependency, and aggressive impulses; the superego—subconsciously interjects societal mores, setting standards to live by; and the ego—represents a sense of self and mediates between realities of the moment and psychic needs and conflicts

A

Psychoanalytical Theory

75
Q

What is the order of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs? (Starting from most important to Least)

A
  1. Physiological
  2. Safety
  3. Love and Acceptance
  4. Esteem
  5. Self-Actualization
76
Q

What are the 8 Stages of Erikson’s Stages of Development?

A
  1. trust vs. mistrust
  2. autonomy vs. shame/doubt
  3. initiative vs. guilt
  4. industry vs. inferiority
  5. identity vs. role confusion
  6. intimacy vs. isolation
  7. generativity vs. stagnation
  8. integrity vs. despair
77
Q

What are the four rights of the psychiatric patient?

A
  1. Right to treatment (receive services)
  2. Right to refuse treatment
  3. Right to informed consent
  4. Right to confidentiality
78
Q

What is the goal of the Psych Nurse?

A

Stabilize patient to return to community

79
Q

What are the three admissions for a psych patient?

A
  1. Threat to self
  2. Threat to others
  3. Unable to care for self
80
Q

What are the 4 types of admissions in the psych community?

A
  1. Voluntary
  2. Involuntary
  3. Temporary Detention Order (TDO)
  4. Commitment
81
Q

What are the 4 S’s of Milieu?

A
  1. Support
  2. Safety
  3. Structure
  4. Social
82
Q

What is the total environment or surroundings that the patient is in called?

A

Milieu

83
Q

What are the four different kinds of loss?

A
  1. Loss of a loved one
  2. Loss of an aspect of self
  3. Loss of an object
  4. Loss of an environment
84
Q

The process that someone undertakes to deal with the void that is now left, usually seen externally

A

Mourning

85
Q

The internal emotional reaction and response to loss

A

Grief

86
Q

Acknowledging that a loss is inevitable and preparing emotionally for it

A

Anticipatory Grief

87
Q

Nothing in particular that makes this type of grief difficult for a person to process

A

Uncomplicated Grief

88
Q

A type of grief that impedes a person’s future life, usually because the person clings to sorrow or is buffeted by contradictory emotions

A

Complicated Grief

89
Q

Grief involving a deceased person that is a socially ambiguous loss that can’t be openly mourned or supported

A

Disenfranchised grief

90
Q

What are 6 risk factors for complicated grief?

A
  1. Loss of a child
  2. Unexpected loss or death with violence
  3. Abuse
  4. Lack of support system
  5. Unresolved losses
  6. Death associated with stigma
91
Q

What 5 factors influence grief?

A
  1. Cultural beliefs
  2. Spiritual beliefs
  3. Gender
  4. Economic
  5. Support Systems
92
Q

What are the 5 stages of Kubler-Ross’s Theory of Grief, Death, and Dying?

A
  1. Denial
  2. Anger
  3. Bargaining
  4. Depression
  5. Acceptance
93
Q

What stage of Kubler-Ross’s Theory is usually the longest?

A

Bargaining

94
Q

What nursing interventions can be implemented in death/dying?

A
  • Give pt control over death and dying choices
  • Provide support and hope
  • Time availability with the family
  • Support the loved ones

Foundations Of Nursing (7 decks)

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